Eating Disorders :: Anorexia Nervosa

Most people can hardly feel hunger nowadays, and fare has very distinct meaning depends on people. For some people, food will be as an act of nurture, food as memory, and happiness but for other people food will be food as guilty, as sin, and ban. In present time, although their weight is normal, women keep trying to lose their weight, because they want to show thin. And also presbyopic time ago, women did not think about their weight, but in present times women want to lose their weight. Women need to rethink about losing their weight, because when women desexualise in kitchen it is the most beautiful looks.Most women think about diet 365days, although she is thin and skinny women. This is nowadays women looks. However I can understand the view of present women, because I am a woman. I know food is good, and food always give to happiness and memory, but women could not eat their fill, because they do not want to shock next day. It is responsible for developing of mass media, if media does not develop then, we do not know standard of women, whether is skinny or not. However, mass media has been developed, we cannot stop the diet. When you see a television, all actresses are thin and beautiful. When you buy clothes, there is more choice of buying for clothes, when you are thin. That is why women get back to diet, because all of womens wish become a thin and skinny girl, and buy clothes whatever they want to.Unfortunately, some people get sickness which called eating disorder. From the Wikipedia, the definition of eating disorder is a compulsion to eat, or avoid eating, that negatively affects both ones physical and mental health (Wikipedia). Too umteen people who work in regulateing, get this disease, because a model is wearing the designers clothes and show the people how look like, so model and designer believe that thin model can show clothes well. Therefore many numbers of designers prefer thin model. However, several models were died from low weigh t. Therefore, the direction of modeling said that designer cannot work with low weight of models, but still designers look for skinny model. There is important point as well. angiotensin converting enzyme of article shows the data which came from National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Association of Disorders, there are many teenager have disorder.

Technology Past and Present Essays -- essays papers

Technology Past and Present Abstract Computers are in most schools in the United States. almost states have addressed the need to adopt technology standards in curriculum. As the spotlight focuses on technology integration and academic achievement, school districts are charge on staff development as an integral part of the technology integration process. The place of computers in the classroom has changed from a support tool for basic skills and content using tutorial and remediation practice to an integral part of the instructional process. More households now have computers and Internet access and most parents remember the computer is an important tool in a childs education. The Internet provides a wealth of information, resources, and a network throughout the world that facilitates the interchange and communication of ideas not available in the traditional classroom. Research has shown that technology does play a major role in providing an environment for increased sch olarly person motivation and achievement.Technology has a powerful and positive impact on instruction today especially when staff development and technology integration is an integral part of the process. Educators have clearly underutilized technology in the classroom but it should not be conf utilize with the significance of the role of technology in the educational process. Technology in this research paper is defined as a computer and online resources. The thrust of this paper is to explore some positive events that represent the role of technology in the educational process of children. In the article Past and Present Research Findings on Computers and Related Technology in Education, Fouts (2001) concludes that researchers have used different approaches ... ... (2001). Research on computers and education past, present and future. Teacher Leadership Seminars, 1-27. Grunwald Associates and C&R Research,. (2003). Connected to the future A report on childrens lucre use from th e corporation for public broadcasting. Retrieved June 16 2003, from http//cpb.org/ed/resources/connected Honey, M. (1999). Perspectives on Technology and Education Research Lessons From the Past and Present. Retrieved November 25 2003, from http//www2.edc.org/CCT/index.asp Kay, A. (2003). How children will finally reconcile personal computing. Paper presented at the National Educational Computing Conference, Seattle, WA. http//member.minds.tv/neccschedule.asp. Stratford, S.J. (1997) A review of computer-based model research in precollege science classrooms. Journal of Computers in math and Science Teaching, 16(1), 3-23.

War as Transformation Essay -- Warfare Violence Essays

War as Transformation Many people look for reason in warfarefare. The reasons populace decide to kill each other are varied. Many wars start over land, difference of religion and culture, or economic stress. While there get been many wars over the years that man has inhabited this planet, World War I sticks out because of one incident that took place during the war.On December 25th, 1916 the Waring factions took fundamentally a Christmas break from their fighting, and went into enemy territory. They shared food and drink, and ex agitated pictures of loved ones. They laughed and sang and tried to cross language barriers that the day before seemed insurmountable. The following day, they returned to their trenches, reinstated the boundaries of the war and began to fight anew. Even to this day, war is sometimes suspended for religious reasons, and no one finds this absurd or shocking. Recently, many Serbians were mad at President Clinton because he did not suspend bombing of Croatia du ring a holiday. As if war has a scheduled time and place. World War 1 was significant to this century because it was a war that involved peoples from practically every continent for the first time in history. It is ironic to think that the destructive force of war was something that , in a sense, brought many peoples of the world together for a common cause whether it was the Allied cause, or the German or Russian cause. Looking at this war as an example of most wars, the causes of warfare stem from some sort of disagreement. Many of these disagreements derive from human insecurities about change. Fear of change drives people to hold tighter to their traditions and customs. When change is slow and progressive people may mutter under their breath, di... ...rks successfully. That is why people are so dependent on it. It is much easier to break someones purpose with brute force than to use intellect and reason. War as a transformation process will continue unless people see that the same evolutionary processes of change in society can be implemented through negotiation. But these types of processes are slow and involve a willingness to be open to change. peck have to get the idea in their head that change is inevitable, it is what life is based on. The status quo can not remain forever. It is only through this actualisation and openness to new ideas that war as a machine of progress can ever be stopped . Skilled leaders need to be active people to negotiation, and to acting without aggression. To lose the us against them mentality should be the ultimate goal of all societies and peoples. Every day should be Christmas.

Medical Marijuana: A not so new form of medical treatment Essay

ganja usage for the purpose of medical treatment has been a debated issue in many decl bes and Countries around the world. The United land and Canada have both adopted laws that are directed at protecting patients and doctors from prosecution due to possession and usage of cannabis for medical purposes. Australia has passed laws, but has non put them into effect, and the United States has not make any allowances, leaving hemp in the same category with other illegal drugs and allowing for prosecution if a mortal is found to be increment, possessing or utilise marijuana, regardless of the reasons. According to Dresser, there are currently fourteen states that have taken it upon themselves to enact laws that allow for the prescribing and function of medical marijuana, California being the closely liberal in terms of allowed usages (7). While medical conditions that allow marijuana to be prescribed vary from state to state, Hall and Degenhardt write that accepted treatments m ainly include issues such as nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, wasting due to HIV and aids, movement disorders and brawniness spasticity disorders (690-692). Although many government and public agencies disaccord on the medical benefits that marijuana may provide in the relief of chronic symptoms, marijuana seems to be growing in popularity among doctors and the patients that benefit from its use and a vast number of people feel it should be legalized for medical conditions across America.The use of marijuana for medical purposes is not a new issue. Prior to the twentieth century, marijuana was often used for treatment of symptoms caused by medical issues in both the United States and throughout Europe, Asia and India. In their report, Hall & Degenhardt stat... ... discusses a study that was performed in California and other States due to concerns about medical marijuana having an elicit effect of influencing young people and make an increase in illegal marijuana use. The study showed that no abnormal increase was seen among people ages 16 to 25 following the legalization of medical marijuana.Wiwi, Amy Komoroski, and Nicole P. Crifo. The causeless Impact of New Jerseys New checkup Marijuana Law on the Workplace. Employee Relations Law Journal 36.1 (2010) 33-37. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 21 Nov. 2010.This article discusses the medical marijuana laws in New Jersey and offers suggestions to employers on how to address issues in the work place, such as failed drug testing and employee usage of marijuana. It also addresses the lack of contemplation of employment in the drafting and dismissal of these laws. Medical Marijuana A not so new form of medical treatment EssayMarijuana usage for the purpose of medical treatment has been a debated issue in many states and Countries around the world. The United Kingdom and Canada have both adopted laws that are directed at protecting patients and doctors from prosecution due to poss ession and usage of marijuana for medical purposes. Australia has passed laws, but has not put them into effect, and the United States has not made any allowances, leaving marijuana in the same category with other illegal drugs and allowing for prosecution if a person is found to be growing, possessing or using marijuana, regardless of the reasons. According to Dresser, there are currently fourteen states that have taken it upon themselves to enact laws that allow for the prescribing and use of medical marijuana, California being the most liberal in terms of allowed usages (7). While medical conditions that allow marijuana to be prescribed vary from state to state, Hall and Degenhardt write that accepted treatments generally include issues such as nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, wasting due to HIV and aids, movement disorders and muscle spasticity disorders (690-692). Although many government and public agencies disagree on the medical benefits that marijuana may provide in the relief of chronic symptoms, marijuana seems to be growing in popularity among doctors and the patients that benefit from its use and a vast number of people feel it should be legalized for medical conditions across America.The use of marijuana for medical purposes is not a new issue. Prior to the twentieth century, marijuana was often used for treatment of symptoms caused by medical issues in both the United States and throughout Europe, Asia and India. In their report, Hall & Degenhardt stat... ... discusses a study that was performed in California and other States due to concerns about medical marijuana having an elicit effect of influencing young people and causing an increase in illegal marijuana use. The study showed that no abnormal increase was seen among people ages 16 to 25 following the legalization of medical marijuana.Wiwi, Amy Komoroski, and Nicole P. Crifo. The Unintended Impact of New Jerseys New Medical Marijuana Law on the Workplace. Employee Relations Law Jou rnal 36.1 (2010) 33-37. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 21 Nov. 2010.This article discusses the medical marijuana laws in New Jersey and offers suggestions to employers on how to address issues in the work place, such as failed drug testing and employee usage of marijuana. It also addresses the lack of consideration of employment in the drafting and passing of these laws.

Counseling the Infertile Couple :: essays research papers

Counseling the Infertile gallusBeing a pastor of family ministries with three healthy children, it is heavy for me to apprize early(a) gibes on antisepsis. I have also been on the other side of the table facing these infertility choices in my first marriage. in that location was a choice we faced regarding selective termination if we did expect after hormone therapy. In a way, I am glad we did not conceive because my ex-wife and I opposed all(prenominal) other on this procedure. I was opposed to the procedure while my wife accepted it. As a pastor having to counsel others with the problem of infertility, there are a lot of choices to be made regarding infertility. I believe God has effrontery doctors the technology to assist couples in the surgical process of conceiving a child. How far a couple goes to conceive a child is the problem we are facing as Christians in todays culture. support reproductive technologies allow more couples with infertility problems to bear chil dren. But with the plethora of options come tough decisions. Couples must weigh the financial, emotional and physical costs of each treatment against its chances of success. The ethical ramifications of creating life in a lab is also a consideration Christian couples often look to their faith for guidance. God has given us the job of exercising ruler over all the earth (Gen. 126), which includes using medical technologies to assist us in reproduction.The first musical note in infertility treatment is symptomatic testing for would-be parents. Treatments whitethorn be as simple as drugs to stimulate ovulation or as involved as in vitro fertilization. Some couples may achieve pregnancy quickly, but others may have to shape to pursue assisted reproductive technologies. Since the first test-tube bumble was born, in vitro fertilization has become a common procedure in fertility treatment. A key issue couples considering in vitro fertilization is the use of their embryos. The womanh ood often produces more eggs than faecal matter be used during a single IVF attempt. The extra embryos can be frozen to use in ulterior procedures, or a couple may have them destroyed, kept in storage indefinitely or donated to another infertile couple. Another issue is how many embryos should be placed back in the uterus. The fewer used, the lower chances of multiple pregnancies and a higher risk for complications. The more used, the couple faces the issue of more embryos victorious hold in the uterus and having to decide terminating one or more of the fetuses to give the remaining ones a better chance of survival.Counseling the Infertile Couple essays research papers Counseling the Infertile CoupleBeing a pastor of family ministries with three healthy children, it is hard for me to counsel other couples on infertility. I have also been on the other side of the table facing these infertility choices in my first marriage. There was a choice we faced regarding selective termina tion if we did conceive after hormone therapy. In a way, I am glad we did not conceive because my ex-wife and I opposed each other on this procedure. I was opposed to the procedure while my wife accepted it. As a pastor having to counsel others with the problem of infertility, there are a lot of choices to be made regarding infertility. I believe God has given doctors the technology to assist couples in the process of conceiving a child. How far a couple goes to conceive a child is the problem we are facing as Christians in todays culture. Assisted reproductive technologies allow many couples with infertility problems to bear children. But with the plethora of options come tough decisions. Couples must weigh the financial, emotional and physical costs of each treatment against its chances of success. The ethical ramifications of creating life in a lab is also a consideration Christian couples often look to their faith for guidance. God has given us the job of exercising dominion ove r all the earth (Gen. 126), which includes using medical technologies to assist us in reproduction.The first step in infertility treatment is diagnostic testing for would-be parents. Treatments may be as simple as drugs to stimulate ovulation or as complicated as in vitro fertilization. Some couples may achieve pregnancy quickly, but others may have to decide to pursue assisted reproductive technologies. Since the first test-tube baby was born, in vitro fertilization has become a common procedure in fertility treatment. A key issue couples considering in vitro fertilization is the use of their embryos. The woman often produces more eggs than can be used during a single IVF attempt. The extra embryos can be frozen to use in subsequent procedures, or a couple may have them destroyed, kept in storage indefinitely or donated to another infertile couple. Another issue is how many embryos should be placed back in the uterus. The fewer used, the lower chances of multiple pregnancies and a higher risk for complications. The more used, the couple faces the issue of more embryos taking hold in the uterus and having to decide terminating one or more of the fetuses to give the remaining ones a better chance of survival.

Counseling the Infertile Couple :: essays research papers

Counseling the unfertile CoupleBeing a pastor of family ministries with three healthy children, it is hard for me to counsel new(prenominal) touchs on antisepsis. I have also been on the separate side of the table facing these in fetidness choices in my first marriage. There was a choice we faced regarding selective termination if we did conceive after hormone therapy. In a way, I am glad we did not conceive because my ex-wife and I opposed each other on this social function. I was opposed to the procedure while my wife accepted it. As a pastor having to counsel others with the difficulty of infertility, there are a lot of choices to be made regarding infertility. I believe God has progress ton doctors the technology to assist couples in the process of conceiving a child. How far a couple goes to conceive a child is the problem we are facing as Christians in todays culture. Assisted reproductive technologies allow many couples with infertility problems to bear children. But with the plethora of options flow tough decisions. Couples must weigh the financial, emotional and physical costs of each treatment against its chances of success. The ethical ramifications of creating life in a lab is also a consideration Christian couples often look to their faith for guidance. God has given us the job of exercising rule over all the earth (Gen. 126), which includes using medical technologies to assist us in reproduction.The first step in infertility treatment is diagnostic testing for would-be parents. Treatments whitethorn be as simple as drugs to stimulate ovulation or as complicated as in vitro fertilization. Some couples whitethorn achieve pregnancy quickly, but others may have to shape to pursue assisted reproductive technologies. Since the first test-tube baby was born, in vitro fertilization has become a common procedure in fertility treatment. A key issue couples considering in vitro fertilization is the use of their embryos. The woman often produces more eggs than groundwork be used during a exclusive IVF attempt. The extra embryos can be frozen to use in subsequent procedures, or a couple may have them destroyed, kept in terminus indefinitely or donated to another infertile couple. Another issue is how many embryos should be placed back in the uterus. The fewer used, the lower chances of multiple pregnancies and a higher risk for complications. The more used, the couple faces the issue of more embryos taking hold in the uterus and having to decide terminating one or more of the fetuses to give the remaining ones a better chance of survival.Counseling the Infertile Couple essays research papers Counseling the Infertile CoupleBeing a pastor of family ministries with three healthy children, it is hard for me to counsel other couples on infertility. I have also been on the other side of the table facing these infertility choices in my first marriage. There was a choice we faced regarding selective termination if we did conc eive after hormone therapy. In a way, I am glad we did not conceive because my ex-wife and I opposed each other on this procedure. I was opposed to the procedure while my wife accepted it. As a pastor having to counsel others with the problem of infertility, there are a lot of choices to be made regarding infertility. I believe God has given doctors the technology to assist couples in the process of conceiving a child. How far a couple goes to conceive a child is the problem we are facing as Christians in todays culture. Assisted reproductive technologies allow many couples with infertility problems to bear children. But with the plethora of options come tough decisions. Couples must weigh the financial, emotional and physical costs of each treatment against its chances of success. The ethical ramifications of creating life in a lab is also a consideration Christian couples often look to their faith for guidance. God has given us the job of exercising dominion over all the earth (Ge n. 126), which includes using medical technologies to assist us in reproduction.The first step in infertility treatment is diagnostic testing for would-be parents. Treatments may be as simple as drugs to stimulate ovulation or as complicated as in vitro fertilization. Some couples may achieve pregnancy quickly, but others may have to decide to pursue assisted reproductive technologies. Since the first test-tube baby was born, in vitro fertilization has become a common procedure in fertility treatment. A key issue couples considering in vitro fertilization is the use of their embryos. The woman often produces more eggs than can be used during a single IVF attempt. The extra embryos can be frozen to use in subsequent procedures, or a couple may have them destroyed, kept in storage indefinitely or donated to another infertile couple. Another issue is how many embryos should be placed back in the uterus. The fewer used, the lower chances of multiple pregnancies and a higher risk for com plications. The more used, the couple faces the issue of more embryos taking hold in the uterus and having to decide terminating one or more of the fetuses to give the remaining ones a better chance of survival.

Sat Math Test

What is the probability that Scott wins? 5. Maria is 6 times as old as Tina. In 20 years, Maria allow be only twice as old as Tina. How old is Maria now? 6. If a. ND c are positive numbers with a=b/ca, what is the value of c when a=44 and b=275 7. In thro fingerbreadth above, all of the line segments meet to form right angles. What Is the perimeter of the figure? 8. A car going 40 miles per hour set out on an 80 miles trip at 900 a. M. Exactly 10 transactions later, a second car left from the same place and followed the same place and followed the same route. How fast, In miles per hour, was the second car going if it caught up with the graduation exercise car at 1030 a. M. ? 9. Five people shared a prize of $100.Each maven acquire a whole number of dollars, and no two people received the same amount. If the largest share was $30 and the smallest share was $1 5, what Is the most money that the person with the third largest share could have received? 10. There are 12 men on a ba sketball tea, and In a game 5 of them play at any one time. If the game Is 1 hour long, and If each man plays exactly the same amount of time, how many minutes does each man play? 5 8 10 . A square, not shown, has the same perimeter as the quadrilateral above. . What is the length of the side of the square? 250 12. In the figure above, if AS bisects REST. What is the value of W ? 13. If it is now 115, what time will it be when the hour hand has moved through an angle of 100 ? ICC 14. In the figure above, rectangle ABACA has been partitioned into quartette triangles. If UDF= BEEF , what is the value of x+Y ? 15. Jean spent $125 for a camera and some film. The camera cost $100 more than the film. What percentage of the cost of the two items did Jean spend for the camera?

Discuss how Hare presents ideas about class in this scene and at least one other point in the play

Within coneys course Murmuring Judges, there almost appears to be two class systems. The send-off is the standard upper berth, middle and lower, however, H atomic number 18 almost separates the prisoners, the police and the lawyers as three separate classes of people, who each look down on the class below them. This allows us to travel to not nevertheless the perceived withdrawals of social classes but alike the classes that you argon put into according to you profession and the classist berths held by those above.In the focus scene, H atomic number 18 clearly shows his views ab let on class through implications and connotations used in the lawyers and judges conversations. Immediately as the scene starts, His Excellency AL Hadji Sulay Ibrahim Dunko is announced by the toast master. Whereas within the perceived lower class of the police, DC Abdul Khan is referred to as Jimmy, here he is announced with his full name and title, which immediately suggests a difference in class and status between the two men.This is also clearly shown in the language used by all the characters in this scene, as phrases such as Grand Days and the fishy stuff in reference to caviar creates a semantic field which suggests the men view themselves and believe they are viewed by others as upper class. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of the Toast Master and Gerard at the opening of Act 2 clearly demonstrates the social classes, as we see the announcement of important men next to a man monologuing within his prison cell. run uses food in the focus scene to reflect the upper class genius of the men. As previously referenced, Cuddeford calls caviar the fishy stuff, suggesting his familiarity with highly expensive foods, which subtly exposes his class. Again, the Roast Venison Baden-Baden also shows the dinner to be in advance(p) and the suggestion that the students have to eat their way through twenty four dinners reveals the recklessness of the system in terms of man, which clear ly suggests there is money to be thrown around.Hare also uses food in other moments in the play reflect the lower classes of the police and the prisoners. Whereas Gerard is only once offered a shape of tea, Woodys line your glass of beer? shows Woody to act like a manservant which again clearly shows the difference between the two men. However, it could be argued that Sir incision sees himself as more important than he really is, as he sends Woody to ask Irina to the opera in order to make himself seem also important to come in person, which isnt reflected anywhere else in the play.Similarly, Hare uses other running motifs throughout the play which suggest the upper class nature of the lawyers, but also to suggest the lawyers ideas about the lower classes. The discussion of Desert Island Disks clearly shows them to be at least middle class, as do Sir Peters selections, but the comment everyone listens to desert island disks is what exemplifies how out of touch with reality the l awyers are. This unrealistic idea of society is also shown by Sir Peter, I thought all educated young women loved music, as this is rather an idea of the past then the present.Hare uses reading to show the underlying difference between the lawyers and the prisoners especially, as he presents the lawyers as having no time to read off the job, whereas Gerard sarcastically states Thank God for literature as whilst the lawyers claim to have no time, the cruel irony is that all Gerard has is time. The lawyers views on those they perceive to be lower than them is never hidden, possibly as the lawyers are largely untouchable due to their position, as shown by the conversation with the Home Secretary, which shows the lawyers to have acquaintances in the government.Cuddeford openly calls the suspects common-as-much individuals which shows the upper classes to think themselves much better than everyone else. This is supercharge shown by the prisons may be called failings of society which ar e truly not my concern show disinterest in the justice of those beneath them, again shown by Sir Peters unwillingness to do criminal law as it involves real people. On a larger scale, Sir Peter shows not only the suspects but the whole idea of crime to be trivial, as he refers to Gerards case, which clearly upturns Gerards life, as a silly associate of warehouse robbery.Sir Peter further expresses his view on Gerard later, claiming he is an ordinary, sub-average human being, demonstrating the barriers he believes exist between them. Gerard is also presented as awake of these separations, as shown through these men will go home to wine in fine glasses and the gossip of the barand I will go to my gaol. Gerards reference to himself as the stuff of their profession suggests that Gerard perhaps also sees himself as below the lawyers, which could be used to argue that class separations are inherent.This inference is reinforced by there is a glass screen and our clients live on the other side of it, which not only suggests a separation but also could be seen as excusing the seemed inability of the legal system to help its clients. Although largely presented as incapable(p) or unwilling to help their clients, the lawyers are clearly shown to cover their own backs. At the time, there was a suggestion of changing laws regarding barristers which would, according to Sir Peter, would be a threat to justice.In response to this, Irina, under instruction, starts a campaign against the new legislation which raises ?1million in four days. This is heavily ironic within the play, as it is often states there is no money to reform the prison, which given the events of the Strangeways riot in April 1990, would presumably be a higher priority. It also shows the extent to which the lawyers are upper class, as the blase attitude of give or take a few thousand shows how small an amount of money this is to them, which would be huge to any other characters in the play.Cuddeford is sho wn to be clearly aware of this, play down the million, which suggests a level of guilt at using the money for this, especially within their profession. In conclusion, Hare uses juxtaposition throughout Murmuring Judges to show the seemingly inherent differences in class between the lawyers and the prisoners in particular. Whilst the prisoners are forced to slop out and throw shit packages, the lawyers are often presented in luxurious settings, laid out magnificently four different wine glasses.Hare also presents ideas of class mainly from the perspective of the lawyers who seem themselves as more important than they perhaps are, and certainly better than the common-as-muck ordinaries. Overall, I think the ideas of class in the play are nicely represented in the line we were going to abolish this as outdated, but in the end didnt, which for me shows the lawyers understanding that the system is incapable or unwilling to work to the best of its ability, but simply would rather not out of tradition.

Promoting effective communication Essay

Describe five factors you consider when promoting effective communication (remember to get a line is more than just identifying, this requires a sentence for each one)There are a number of factors to consider in making sure that I raise promote effective communication.Statistics show that we only listen to 7% of what is verbally said, 38% the way of life they are said and 55% non-verbal i.e. our body language, eye contact, gestures. So it is not so much of what we say that is important but how it is said.Verbal communication1. Tone and PitchI need to make sure that the way in what I say things i.e. the tone and pitch of my voice suits the conversation. I might need to raise my voice in a group of galore(postnominal) children trying to get their attention when they playing games. Where as in a small group of children were we are doing some structured learning I would tattle a bit quitter, or even reading a story I would use voices for the characters in a book, making stories more interesting and so hope to keep the childrens attention.2. JargonI would try and use appropriate language, for instance when I am talking to a child I need to keep things simpler so that they can understand the instructions or topic of discussion. I would also kneel down or sit at the childs level, to make eye contact, and to be sure they understand me. But when I am talking to an adult, I should adjust and speak at the appropriate tone and pitch in not to simple terms as if they are a child otherwise it may come crossways patronising.Non-verbal communication3. Body Language, expressions and gesturesMy body language, facial expressions and hand gestures, needs to suit the situation or topic. For example I might give a handshake, make a face and a wave to a child leaving the session. These are all friendly gestures, and I would hope to get an appropriate response like a wave and smile back. There would not necessarily been any verbal communication but we both understand that it is a friendly goodbye. However I am aware that some cultures certain gestures could be offensive. A r standing with folded arms can indicate you are closing yourself of not dedicate to listen or want to take part in the conversations. This can portray a negative message and make others feel uncomfortable.4. Eye contact lensI also make a lot of eye contact as this engages with the person I am speaking to and keeps them and me focused on what is beingness said. If there is little eye contact or other distractions then you can notice that there is not 100% focus.5. ListeningI would eternally listen at the person talking to me as this shows that I am engaged in the conversations/discussion and can act upon anything that is asked of me. If I just gesticulate in acknowledgement and not really listen I could miss important information. If for example a child ask to go to the toilet and I just nodded without really listening, they might wet themselves and feel embarrassed and in future n ot trust to ask or tell me something.

How motivate the second language learner Essay

The students ar always traveld, and when we talk about motive, it refer to students efforts to learn. Positively motivated students are more pleasant to learn, prepare more carefully for class, participate more actively and achieve more than negatively motivated students. Teachers should recognize that to improve motivation they will be dealing with cognitive, affective, social and perhaps even psychomotor variables. These recommendations are being offered as imperious suggestion for improving student performance motivation and also some thing which should not happen to participating students if high level of motivation is to be maintained. First, we should clarify for the student what is the goal of the hang and what they have to do to achieve these goals.For reach this goal we should assist them. pay up them feedback, and summarize important content of each class. We must have review sessions to process the student to recover what they learned. Use the example, that is, us e a material which is related to what they know, in fact we should have a work which is creative and these activities should be purposeful. Give an exam and become them a test to motivate the student to have a better work. These are the cognitive works which we can do for motivate the students. In addition there is some affective variable which the teachers can done to motivate the students.They should avoid the practices which produce or continued anxity. A positive attitude toward the speakers, class and the teacher of the second phrase improve the motivation of language learner. Know the needs of students to achieve in some area. The teacher must be able to flip reward for good work and punish for poor work if it is necessary. Use audio-visual aids whenever possible within reason. Plan for activities during the term. give them assignment to improve their proficiency. When applying a concepts use context which interesting the students Also there is some instruction to not be do ne in modulate to keep the student motivated. The student should not be made to suffer a lose of self-esteem and not be in a discomfort position like sit for a long time or cant hear what is said in the front of class.Or not makeed them to take a test of what they dont know or have an incomprehensible question. And should not be in inferior groups, or even ask them to be in a group of students who are superior learners. In conclusion to meet student needs, the teacher needs to make a cargo to themselves and to each student, to help that student grow. The purpose of teaching is growing the students knowledge which is be done by improving a motivation. If the teacher be awake of students need an the position of the class he/she can improve the level of the students motivations and as a result their knowledge will be grow and language learning will happened as good as possible.

Filipino Games Essay

Like any other country in the world, Philippines extradite many different games that argon played as a past time, or simply for recreational purposes. Some games are more popular and more well-known than the others, but the three games that stuck f every(prenominal) out at me were Tubigan, Sungka, and Culliot. Tubigan, also known as Patintero, is played outdoors. The doers are divided into two equal police squads. Based on a coin toss, one team becomes the runners, and the other becomes the tagger. The object of the runner is to thump through all the lines back and forth without being tagged.To set this game up, the ground is marked off in a 5 or 6 meter rectangle divided into four equal parts. The taggers stand 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the marked lines. Tagger number 1 can go anywhere to tag the runners. Taggers 2, 3, and 4 must have both feet on the marked lines, and can only tag the runner as they cross their lines or as they get almost them. As soon as the runners cross line 4, he must return to line 2 and call out Tubig scoring a microscope stage for his team. The runners must score a clean pass within 2 minutes otherwise a turnover will be called.Sungka, known as mancala in Southern Asia, has been around in the Philippines for as long as anyone can remember. The sungka come on is a small treasure the older it is, the more precious, it sits on a side table or a top bench, waiting to be played. The sungka board is a shallow boat made of solid wood. The unscathed length of the boat is lined in seven small bowls carved in pairs, with two large deep bowls carved out at both ends (bahay) for captured sigay. The props needed for this game are pebbles, sigay or shells, or seeds. In each small pit are initially 7 sigay. Sungka is always played by two people.At each turn a player empties one of his small pits and then distributes its contents in a counterclockwise direction, one by one, into the following pits including his own store, but passing the confront ations store. If the last stone falls into a non-empty small pit, its contents are raise and distributed in another lap. If the last stone is dropped into the players own store, the player gets a bonus social movement. If the last stone is dropped into an empty pit, the move ends. If the move ends by dropping the last stone into one of your own small pits you capture the sigay in the opponents pit directly across the board and your own stone.The captured sigay are deposited in your store. However, if the opponents pit is empty, nothing is captured. The first move is played simultaneously. After that play is alternately. The first player to arouse the first move whitethorn start the second move. However, in face-to-face play one player might start shortly after his opponent so that he could choose a response which would give him an advantage. There is no rule that actually could prevent such a tactic. So, in fact, the decision-making may be non-simultaneous. You must move if you c an. If you cant a player must pass until he can move again.The game ends when no sigay are left in the small pits. The player who captures most sigay wins the game. The game culliot is similar to the game of tug-of-war. Two or more players can play this. The purpose of this team is to pull the other team over the borderline. The equipment needed is a 15-meter long rope with a diameter of 3. 81 centimeters. Each team must have an equal number of players. The teams are placed five meters away from each other. Both ends of the rope should be tied on the waist of the last player while the others hold on to the rope.A piece of ribbon or handkerchief is tied onto the centerline of the rope. Upon the signal to start, each team pulls the other, attempting to pull the contend team over the borderline, thus becoming the winner. In my opinion, the cultural aspect of these games teaches teamwork, skill, wit, as well as strength. Growing up, I have played all of the above games. I had no idea t hat they were Filipino games, except for sungka. I like these games because it brought my family and I closer together my cousins and I especially. These games taught us how to work as a team, think about our decisions before we make a move, and wit.

Hum/176 Week 1

Hello Thank you for your submission this week. Here is some feed covering fire to help you assess your assignment contribution versus what was expected in this assignment. Please cod the following as a guide for how your responses measured versus the ideal answers to this activity. Assignment News Media, Option 1 Toolwire Learnscape credibleness and Impact Purpose of Assignment In this Learnscape, savants take on the role of Deputy Speech Writer for Senator Owen Johnson.Students use the Internet (via a Universe of Content consisting of 12 sites hosted on the Toolwire system) to identify credibility issues related to the use of Internet content as it pertains to political issues. In doing so, they also have to discern which sources are most credible and be competent to substantiate this. The student is also asked to review a manner of speaking outline from the senator and write an introductory paragraph addressing the effect of the Internet on politics.Resources Required Toolwir e Learnscape Credibility and Impact Grading Guide Assessment A Part One Credibility and Impact Exploring the Internet and politics Summary This interaction is the first spot of the sagacity (Part A). The student opens the InVision Pro use and uses a drag-and-drop list to assess the credibility of the sites from the Universe of Content dashboard.When the student has completed the drag-and-drop list, they close the InVision Pro application and their BlackBerry Smartphone rings with a video c every from the senator. Character Text InVision Pro Instructions Indicate whether each Web site is credible by dragging and dropping your Application answer from the list at the left. Student drags yes or no to the Credible? column from a list to the left of the table. The Why? column pull up stakes automatically populate with notes from the Notepad of the Universe of Content interaction. When finished, the student is prompted to close the application. Comple ted table should look like the below (answers) Website Credible? Why? The travail typography No News aggregator run by known conservative Matt Drudge Certainly, he has his own agenda, but could someone pay Drudge to promote or bury a story? Daily Kos No The largest progressive community blog in the United States What are the qualifications of the posters? Do they research their posts or just spout opinions? The Huffington Post No Named after founder and editor-in-chief, Arianna Huffington Her personal views drive the content, which leans quite liberal. POLITICO Yes It looks like it tries to dig a bit deeper than mainstream media.The half innovatives, half blog format may make it hard to figure out what to take at face value. Salon Yes Self-described award-winning online news and entertainment website. Forbes calls it smart and provocative. Its well respected, but where does the enterta inment end and the news begin? Whats written to measuredly provoke? Colbert race No Is this truth or comedy? When comedy is the goal, can you ever tell whats real and whats skewed just for a jocularity? The Hill Yes Nonpartisan, nonideological with the largest circulation of the Capitol Hill newspapers This is where Congress gets its news. Could it use its influence to sway political insiders? The Nation Yes This site has been reporting since the Lincoln administration. The mission is clear The Nation will not be the organ of any party, sect, or body. It will, on the contrary, make an earnest effort to bring to the discussion of political and social questions a authentically critical spirit, and to wage war upon the vices of violence, exaggeration, and misrepresentation by which so much of the political writing of the day is marred. from The Nations founding prospectus, 1865 That is tough to argue wi th. Red, Green and colored No Environmental politics from across the spectrum likely a bias towards only posting stories that support their position on the environment. Crooks and Liars No John Amatos blog All opinions with some references to real news outlets. But where are the facts? The Washington Post Yes The hometown newspaper of national politics A pile of Pulitzers gives WaPo all the credibility it needs. The New York Times Yes Internationally acclaimed, you cannot get more respected than The Gray Lady. But that doesnt mean there will never be bias or a conflict of interest. Assessment A Part Two Answer the Senator about Credibility, (at Student Office) Credibility and Impact Exploring the Internet and Politics Summary This interaction is the second half of the first part of the assessment (Part A). The student receives a video call on their BlackBerry Smartphone from the senator.After a apprize he llo interchange, the senator asks the student to comment on credibility issues pertaining to using information from Internet sources. The student answers via a 140-character short-answer format. After the student sends that information, the senator will call back to acknowledge receipt. When the student hangs up, the scene transitions to the students apartment. Character Text Senator Owen Wow, thats fast.Now that youve done the legwork, I need you to comment on credibility Johnson issues pertaining to using information from Internet sources. What do you think? Student (via Answer should include You should look for more information about a Web site, as its short-answer schoolbook a good deal not obvious whether its nonpartisan, leans left or right, or even employs box) professional journalists. To really find out if a site is credible, you often have to look past the home page.Many sites have a long track record of credibility, but that does not exempt the m from any and all speculation of bias, conflicts of interest, or misreporting in the future. The worlds greatest news outlets all make mistakes sometimes. You should look at everything with a grain of salt. Someone may apply out a fact by accident, bury a story that puts a friend in a bad light, or publish something deliberately false to advance their career. Assessment B Writing the Speech, (at Student Office) Credibility and Impact Exploring the Internet and Politics Summary This interaction is the second part of the assessment (Part A). The student is in their office to write the introductory paragraph for the speech. The student opens the outline so that they may use it for reference. They then open a new document in the InVision Pro application and write a short-answer essay (100- to 350-words) in the application. Per the senators instructions from his e-mail, the student then attaches the document to an e-mail to the senator. When the student clicks Send, the interaction is complete. Character Text InVision Write Pro The student must write a short-answer essay (100- to 350-words) as the introductory paragraph to the senators speech about the effect of the Internet on politics. Answer should include Politics now change very rapidly.Politicians must be able to react quickly to what is hap in the world. More voter participation in Internet media provides politicians with more information about what Americans want. Internet technology allows politicians to reach more people, more often. compose Response Answers Vary Students provide a 250 word response providing an explanation as to whether or not the information media have social responsibility.

Explain Arisotles Virtue Ethics

Dominance is a declare of action as opposed to inaction and an individual moldiness movement hard in order to achieve it. To r distributively Dominance you must reason and be a thinker as this is unique to humilitary somebodynels, it is the final clear for humanity as it is the most fulfilling position to be in. Reaching such a superior end goal requires hard work and effort man is a political and social animal the greatest soundly for a person is for them to actively participate in the politics of society and to interact with early(a) humans, morality can only arise once these activities discombobulate been performed.A riotous life is an ongoing task and can only be achieved through institutionalise and education. Dominance is an end in itself and is merely pursued for its own deservingnesss rather than as a means to an end. A impartiality, for Aristotle, is a trait that contributes to a person functioning well as a human being such as bravery and generosity. A virtue is non doing one action on one given occasion such as giving to charity once and so never again, it is not feeling virtuous as you ar not brave if you feel brave and do not act upon it and it is also not a natural inclination as someone who has been innate(p) that way has not worked to become virtuous.Aristotle concludes that a virtue is a learned nature/tendency to reason and act in a certain way. We are each responsible for the choices that we oblige based on personal vice and virtue, how virtuous a person may be is entirely dependent on how they will intend to act in any given situation. The doctrine of the mean/the golden mean is a central concept in Aristotle virtue ethics. According to the doctrine of the mean, a virtue is a mean state between two extremes one of excess and one of deficiency.To be virtuous, one virtue must connect with another. Virtues will only fully develop in a minority of heap and the doctrine of the mean can be utilise to guide you however you must be educated to use this. And so, an element of elitism can be seen here. For example it is good to be courageous, however you can have too much or, even, too little courage. Aristotle did not explicitly declare what the midpoint was, and so it is clearly not of numerical value and so it must be more about acting at the right time.Although virtue ethics does not give you a clear answer to an ethical dilemma, it allows each individual to respond to each different situation they face. Aristotle believed that there were 4 different groups of people. There are vicious people who are those that do not attempt to be virtuous. There are incontinent people who face moral conflict but usually choose a vice. Continent people do the virtuous thing most of the time but still have to overcome a moral dilemma, and virtuous people enjoy doing good actions, and so they face no moral dilemmas in life.Choices are important as every human has an aim in life. Such aims are then split into either superior or subordinate aims and, according to Aristotle the superior aim of an individual is Dominance as this is the final purpose of a human. In society, some people re hedonists and seek pleasure, some serve the community and seek honor (politicians) and some are philosophers and live in a state of contemplation. Aristotle believes philosophers to be the best as they possess the ability to exercise key keen virtues which allow them to steer themselves towards Dominance.Virtues are either moral or intellectual in which there are 5 intellectual virtues according to Aristotle prudence/practical acquaintance, intuitive intelligence, wisdom, scientific knowledge and craft/art. Of the 5 virtues, Aristotle considers practical wisdom to be the most important in Virtue Ethics as it imply describes moral behavior, and does not require people to do something different to what they already do.You may do a string of good actions, but unless you know the direction you are to go then you may end up o n the wrong path. Since people act differently in every situation there are no inherently bad actions. Anyone who is virtuous should, theoretically, always make the correct decision. Aristotle Virtue Ethics is person rather than action based it looks at the moral character of the person carrying out an action. Good character traits must be cultivated and developed in order for people to truly achieve Dominance.

Describe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation Essay

Diversity refers to our differences such as culture, beliefs, values, views and life experiences. The concept of assortment is to accept, approve and embrace our differences. When people with these differences unite and look at the aforementioned(prenominal) group or organization we see a diverse environment. Working in a tikecare setting, we have the potential to work with an abundance of diversity. This jakes be very rewarding but can also pose challenges. Positively, we have the opportunity to foster the adept of individuality, sense of pride and belonging by providing a safe and nurturing environment.Discussing each others differences is a great way to learn and become aware of the differences in the world. One example of promoting diversity is to display the word welcome on the door in all first languages spoken in that classroom or even knowledge how to say hello in each language. The challenges are learning how ensure equality and eliminate discrimination. Introducing babyren at an early age to diversity will have an match on their acceptance of others who are different from them.Diversity can also come in the course of study of race, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, tangible abilities and political beliefs. Equality Equality is the term for equal opportunities. Whilst supporting diversity and respecting differences everyone is offered the same services and programs. All children and families have an equal chance and equal right to forkicipate or not to participate regardless of any differences such as physical disabilities or cultural beliefs. Practitioners have a duty to ensure that there is equality in their classroom.A child who has a learning disability should not be stereotyped with assumptions that he or she is not capable and therefor does not recover equal opportunity in classroom activities. Discrimination is the result of not practicing equality, for example, a child cannot be left out of a school outing because they dont have transport to concur his wheel chair. Discrimination due to inequality can be very detrimental to a childs emotional well being. A child can develop low-self esteem, low confidence, smelling undesired and loose sense of belonging.The equality act of 2010 legally protects people from discrimination in organizations and society. Some comestible relating to disability include extending protection against indirect discrimination to disability and harmonizing the thresholds for the duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabled people. This act will help to protect the children in school settings and into adulthood. Reference Equality Act 2010 guidance, publishes 27 February 2013, https//www. gov. uk/equality-act-2010-guidance Inclusion Inclusion is the practice that every need is met for every student in their learning setting.inclusive education allows children with disabilities to learn along side children without disabilities. This type of educational pra ctice differs from having children with special needs hidden to special schools and classrooms. It allows children with disabilities to feel as an equal member of the classroom, which will build self-confidence and teach sociable skills. Schools need to ensure that they meet all needs by having resources and equipment to aid the students and help them to join as many activities as mathematical.For example braille books for children who are blind, providing wide doors, ramps and disabled toilets, speech therapist and physical therapist. When children have the opportunity to use these services they will more likely achieve their educational goals and feel less different from their peers. Practitioners could aid children in their classrooms by learning as much as possible about any disability a child in their care has, for example if a child in their classroom is hearing impaired, learning a few basic sign language spoken language such as lunch outside toilet could help the child fe el more part of the classrooms daily flow.Reference Wikipedia, Inclusion (education), 22 October 2013, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inclusion_(education) Participation Participation is the act of active and being involved in activities, decisions, planning and sharing. Participation is important for the children as well as the parents in school settings. When parents and children are involved in decision-making it allows them to feel connected to the school and feel like their function is being heard and wishes met.Children feel that their opinions and feelings matter, this is important to social skill development, as they will feel apart(predicate) of the school community. Children who participate in school activities such as sports gain self-confidence and team expression skills. Communication skills improve, stress is relieved and friendships build as children learn to trust and depend on their peers. support participation could be to invite parents into the class to share t heir childs favorite storybook from home and be a part of that days circle time.The child will gain a sense of pride as they sit beside their parent as they contribute to circle time. Another example is the children could issuing turns bringing home a garner bag where they find objects from around their home that begin with the letter of the week. The child and parent can work together finding the objects and the child can share it in class the following day. Reference Participation works partnership, http//www. participationworks. org. uk/topics/education

Fast Food in School Cafeterias Essay

Buckley, Cara. A Proposal to Separate Fast Food and Schools. New York measure New York 20 04 2009, n. pag. Web 26 April. 2012. .The author searchs interrogation done that suggests that the closer a agile nutrient restaurant is to a instill, the higher is the corpulency rate of the children there. Eric N. Gioia is a city councilman from Queens and he wants to relegate some(prenominal) prompt feed restaurants from opening at heart a tenth of a mile from any cultivates. According to the report The Effect of Fast Food Restaurants on Obesity done by researchers from The University of California, Berkeley, and Columbia, when libertine nutriment restaurants open a quarter mile or more than away from schools there is no change in the obesity rate, but when they be open within a tenth of a mile from schools obesity rates rise. The write up also found that the daily caloric intake could change magnitude 30 to 100 calories a day depending on the proximity of tumultuous inte llectual nourishment fetter to schools. The study level off showed that pregnant women ar more wantly to gain a lot of weight of they active within a mile of fast fodder chains.This phrase from the New York Times explores the side of a toss on fast provender restaurants near schools. Buckley did an in depth analysis on the ban of fast food near schools and what the effects of having fast food chains near schools has on the children. She apply many reliable semens to support her research. The only problem that I bet with this phrase is that it does not explore the other side of the argument enough. Overall I gained a lot of useful information from this article, and wise to(p) a lot of useful circumstances.Harris, Kargonn. Fast Food in Californias High Schools Popular, Profitable, add to Teen Obesity?. California Center for Health Improvement . n. page. Web. 26 April. 2012.This article talks active fast food in California High Schools and the reasons they ar sold mor e than the healthy options. thither are many schools that sell taco ships bell in school. The students say that these food options taste better. Also, the schools sell them A la Carte so they can profit and use the property for school activities and such. This article also discusses how the school environment can take away from anything that parents try to nurture their kids some healthy eating. Many school districts allow private corporations to advertise in their schools, promoting eating unhealthy food.This article gave me a good idea of what fast food actually in schools is like. It is obvious that kids are going to go for the more unhealthy option of the foods they come to choose from, because it tastes better, they can get it faster, and it is ordinarily cheaper. This article was a good root system of information but it even says in the beginning that the source of their entropy is a little bit unreliable because it is just the schools mailing in their information a lmost what food they serve and not all schools reported their information. Over all this is a good source for basic information about fast food in schools, but not all of the data is reliable.Do fast-food chains cluster rough schools? MSN.com. 26 April 2012This article addresses the problem of having fast food restaurants placed near schools, and says that the corporations do this strategically. This makes it very hard to eat healthy for kids when they are beingness tempted with cheap, quick food. This article says that nearly 80 percent of Chicago schools studied had at least one fast food restaurant within a half mile. It also discusses how when a child eats fast food they consume more calories fat and sugars than they would eat fruits and vegetables. Burger King wouldnt answer any questions about the placement of their stores, and McDonalds denies that schools have anything to do with where they place their stores.This article is a lot like the first one that I adopt, but ha d more research into the amount of fast food restaurants in proximity to schools. I likethat they did the research in a city like Chicago, and it says that these findings are similar in other cities crossways the nation. This article could help me in my research because it shows that it is proven that fast food chains cluster around schools.Eisler, Peter, Blake Morrison, and Anthony DeBarros. Fast-food standards for meat top those for school lunches . USA Today. 9 12 2009 n. page. Web. 3 May. 2012. .In this article, the authors explore the fact that the meat we eat at schools does not go through the same standards that the meat served at fast food restaurants. The government is supplying schools with millions of pounds of grouse and chicken that arent good enough for many fast food chains to serve. The authors say that the standards that Jack in the Box uses for its food is ten times more stringent than what the farming sets for the meat served in schools. When it comes to chicke n, schools are being supplied with thousands of tons of meat from old chickens that fast food restaurants dont use. The standards are not the same, and that is very alarming.I really like this article because it is different from the other ones that I have read. It shows the downfalls of cafeteria food, instead of the bad things about fast food. It really unresolved my eyes that we never really know where our food comes from, and sometimes even when we think we are eating healthy we are consuming old, gross meat. This is extremely useful to my research because it shows the downfalls of the USDA and proves that school foods are not always better than fast food.Denver, Kusa. Pink slime eliminated from fast food, but not school lunches . USA Today. 09 03 2012 n. page. Web. 3 May. 2012. .This article talks about Pink Slime and how it is still being served in schools, but fast food restaurants have decided not to use that meat anymore. The U.S. De articulationment of agribusiness told a n online newspaper that it is buying 7 million more pounds of the Pink Slime to serve in school lunches across the country. But at the same time the USDA says that, All USDAground squawk purchases for the National School Lunch Program must meet the highest standards for food safety. This slime is made of awe intestines and other by-products that we really dont want to eat. This meat is more prone to E. Coli and salmonella.I unimpeachably think this article is useful to me because it is yet another example of the food we are being served in schools. It is not held to the same standards that fast food chains hold their food to. I think the research used reliable sourced such as the USDA and the U.S. department of agri destination.Childhood obesity and obesity in general are some of the biggest problems facing the United States. We as a country are assay to educate everyone on how to eat properly and live a healthy life. We blame fast food chains for the obesity in our country, whe n in reality they are not the main problem. It is a culture change that is hard to wrap our heads around, and one that passel dont know how to deal with. The parsimoniousness is bad, therefore we go for the cheaper food, and fast food chains are everywhere, and convenient. The food in schools should be held to a much higher standard than it is, and advertisers are targeting kids in schools and tempting them to eat unhealthy foods. There are many problems between schools and fast food.The proximity of a school to fast food restaurants has shown to have an cushion on the weight of the children in the surrounding schools. This makes perfect sense to me because it makes it more convenient. Burger Kings always have signs about deals on burgers or fries. They are directly advertising to the young kids in those surrounding schools. The advertisers know that kids are tight on cash, and want to get their food quick. Some researchers say that there is no correlativity between obesity and having fast food restaurants near schools, but I think there by all odds is.If there is no McDonalds right across the street from a school, those kids wont have a choice of eating it and might make a better choice. I know that people should have the will power to say no and try and eat something healthier, but I conceptualise that the government should be doing something to try and make it easier for Americans to live a healthy, after all shouldnt the health oftheir country be important to them? I think that laws should be passed against having fast food chains within a certain distance of schools, because that is just escalating the problem of obesity in America.Another link to schools and obesity is the advertising and availability of fast food in a school cafeteria. It is hard for a 12 year old to choose grilled chicken and broccoli over a cheeseburger when given a choice. Ads that show happy kids eating McDonalds are directly targeted at young kids, showing them that they will be happy if they eat fast food. Childhood obesity is on the rise and advertising in schools is a huge reason. It is ridiculous that schools allow this and even that the government doesnt prevent it. Kids are victims in this occurrence because they have no say about what kinds of advertisements they are exposed to. You would think that the adults in this country would see this problem and try to fix it, but instead we just serve McDonalds and Taco bell in the cafeteria instead of having delicious healthy options. It is so counter productive to teach kids about the food pyramid and tell them to be active and eat their fruits and veggies and then offer them fries and a acid dog. That is not fair, its almost like we are setting the children up for failure and obesity, exactly what we say we are trying to prevent.The most shocking thing that I found throughout my research was the lack of reference in the meat that is being served in school cafeterias. According to a few of the articl es that I read fast food chains would not serve the quality of meat that the government is giving to schools. The USDA is supposed to be protecting us as consumers when in reality they are giving schools beef with pink slime and old chicken meat that fast food chains wouldnt even serve. The meat that our children are eating is more likely to have E. Coli or salmonella. All the blame is being put on fast food chains for the unhealthy country we are becoming when in reality many school lunches are just as bad or worse for us than fast food.With all of this being said, fast food is having a huge impact on innovative day schooling and our society in general. Schools are changing because now we have to make it part of the political platform to teach children about healthyeating and living, when in previous time periods that was the parents job. It has now become the schools job because even the generation of parents isnt living a healthy life. This can take away from teaching more impo rtant things to the curriculum such as math science and reading. Also, the schools can now be blamed for the rise in obesity because they are not always serving healthy foods, and they are allowing fast food chains into their cafeterias.

Example Persuasive Essay

Should Teachers Be Able to remove Guns to give lessons? Guns atomic number 18 powerful weaponry use in the first place for protection. Misuse of this type of weapon is the cause of laws and regulations that ar enforced today, for people clear be giganticly hurt if non used for pragmatic reasons. Guns control literally been banned from many public places, such as instilldayss, for this reason.Absolutely no one, aside from law-enforcement officials, argon allowed to brand a gun on them in schools however, instructors should be allowed to carry guns as well because they know their responsibilities and need the ability to protect their students, as well as themselves, in a case of indispensability. In a time of crisis, such as an trespasser or a nonher person with a gun at school, teachers act as an aegis to their students, for most teachers dish out their students as if they were their own children.Knowing their responsibility of protection, teachers know that it would be difficult to shield their students if an intruder were to infiltrate their schoolroom or place where they were assigned to teach or monitor students. However, by being up to(p) to give up a gun, they would not only be able to protect their students, but they could also stop the intruder from harmament any other student or faculty member as well.This process of being able to allow teachers to carry guns would be inevitably difficult, for, in most places, as Brad Knickerbocker says, District insurance prohibits anyone except a law-enforcement officer from bringing a weapon onto campus (1). However, as Knickerbocker also says, Throughout the country, lawmakers are filing bills that would make it legal for adult school employees to carry firearms (1).Therefore, at that place is a chance that a bill will be passed and allow the great advantage of being able to possess a gun on school property for the responsible teachers wanting to provide a protected surroundings for their stud ents, be able to protect themselves, and simply fill a security measure for any emergency situation that may come up. Initially, students are the major components that make up a school, for, without them, educators would have null and no one to teach. Students should be able to come to school worry-free and comfortably, for they should not have the fear of a school not being unattackable at any time.Moreover, in order to be a preventative of students being afraid, there should be more security measures than there are currently in schools today. Indubitably, most schools have emergency drills and practices for protection however, that is not always enough, for people in a school can still be harmed, or even worse, executed. For example, a student could walk into a school with a conceal weapon and easily start firing off into a crowd of students therefore, law-enforcement officers altogether may not be able to reach the situation fast enough.Furthermore, if each teacher were all owed to carry a gun, with proper training, they would be able to stop the student from harming any more students than they could have before. Nevertheless, this does not cogitate only a gun such as a pistol, for even Taser guns could be used if the intruder or the threatening student didnt need to be injured to the extent to where they are immediately deceased. Basically, students would be much more protected where they could roam the halls without apprehension if teachers were allowed to carry and use guns accordingly.Subsequently, teachers should not only be able to protect their students, but they should be able to protect themselves as well. Although there are risks where teachers could harm themselves by accidental usage of a gun, misplace a gun, or have their gun stolen, there still seems to be more pros than cons on the situation. As students are known to be the main components of a school, the educators are very important as well. Because of this, those educators need to be protected in case something abominable was to happen to them as well.Most teachers would agree that if a situation came up where law-enforcement officers were needed, they would want to be equally equipped with protection, and, in this case, that protection would be a gun. Unfortunately, there are still teachers that would or else not have a gun, for, as Kenneth S. Trump, President of National School Safety and Security Services, said, The coarse majority of teachers want to be armed with textbooks and computers, not guns (qtd. in armament Teachers 1).However, those disagreeing teachers most likely wouldnt believe that if an emergency came up to where their own lives were threatened. Typically, the majority of teachers would agree that a gun could be a great advantage in a case of emergency, whether or not there could be a few risks at s discern. Finally, emergency situations can happen in the blink of an eye, and the phrase, expect the unexpected, should be use as a preventative for anything harmful that could have been avoidable. Also, an emergency situation can get so out of hand that numerous law-enforcement officers would need to be present.An example of this would be the Columbine High School massacre, where a student brought a gun to school and fired off into a crowd of students, which injured 21 people and executed 15 people however, this could have been avertible if teachers were allowed to have guns, for a teacher could then have had the ability to stop the student from causing any harm, aside a plain scare of the schools students and faculty being wounded. Moreover, that massacre is merely an example of an event that could have been much worse, for, with violence becoming worse in todays world, an execution of a full-page school could even happen.This, at least, should be a reason for teachers to have guns so everyone would feel safe in the long run. In addition to this, the theme of teachers having guns shouldnt be a complicated matter when e mergencies come up because it would be a great advantage for all teachers with training for the usage of guns to be able to have a quick way of response to any type of thing that may endanger human lives therefore, avertible situations should be taken into consideration, and, if nothing else, arming the teachers with guns would be a great way to fulfill that thought.Mostly, some people could say that a process as complex as this would seem not worth fighting for however, many teachers could agree otherwise, for they would rather be protected and take risks than to be like a sitting duck and not take even the slightest risk to countenance an advantage that could save other peoples lives, as well as their own. Trump says, The arming of teachers and school staff goes is a significantly different issue that goes beyond simply the issue of an case-by-cases right in a number of states to be licensed to carry a concealed weapon (qtd. n Arming Teachers 2). This is partially true, for it d oes inevitably go beyond the basic rights of individuals however, that does not mean that it shouldnt be taken into effect because complexity comes around. Basically, when push comes to shove, people shouldnt back scratch off due to the lack of simplicity of a certain matter, and, in this case, that matter would be allowing teachers to carry guns.Ultimately, risks are taken every day, and the risk of wounding a few students to a whole body of students seems to be a much better way out. That way, the teachers wanting to protect their students, as well as themselves, can act as a precaution, for most realistic teachers know that, if an emergency situation came up, it would surely be atrocious to go back and see that less harm could have been done after all.As Knickerbocker says, The NRA and other gun advocates view allowing guns on school property as a safety measure (2) therefore, overall, if an presidency such as the National Rifle Association were to agree that teachers should ha ve the advantage to step up in emergency situations in order to protect their students, as well as themselves, then it shouldnt be such a crucial matter to allow guns to be carried by teachers after all.Works Cited Arming Teachers and School Staff with Guns. schoolsecurity. org. National School Safety and Security Services, 1996-2008. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. Kinckerbocker, Brad. Should Teachers Be Able to Bring Guns to School? seattletimes. nwsource. com. The Seattle Times Company, 2007. Web. 2 Oct. 2012.

An Analysis of Oroonoko by Aphra Behn Essay

Oroonoko is a short work of prose fiction by Aphra Behn (16401689), published in 1688, concerning the adore of its hero, an en knuckle downd African inSurinam in the 1660s, and the pens accept experiences in the new South American colony. Behn worked for Charles II as a spy during the outset of the Second Dutch War, shuttinging up destitute when she returned to England, and nonetheless spending time in a debtors prison, because Charles failed to pay her properly, or at all. She turned her hand to pen in order to survive, with remarkable success. She wrote poetry that sold well, and had a number of plays staged, which established her fame in her own lifetime. In the 1670s, only John Dryden had plays staged more often than Behn. She began to write extended narrative prose toward the end of her c beer. Published less than a year before she died, Oroonoko is one of the earlier English unfermenteds. Interest in it has increased since the 1970s, critics arguing that Behn is the fore mother of British women writers, and that Oroonoko is a crucial text in the hi fiction of the smart.Plot abbreviation and analysisOroonoko or, the Royal Slave is a relatively short refreshed concerning the Coromantin grandson of an African king, Prince Oroonoko, who falls in love with Imoinda, the daughter of that kings top general. Coromantee people were Akan slaves brought from present-day Ghana, a polyglot sight known for their rebellious nature. the sacred veil, thus commanding her to become one of his wives, correct though she was already married to Oroonoko. After unwillingly spending time in the kings harem (the Otan), Imoinda and Oroonoko intent a tryst with the help of the sympathetic Onahal and Aboan. They are eventually discovered, and because she has disoriented her virginity, Imoinda is sold as a slave. The kings guilt, however, leads him to falsely inform Oroonoko that she has been exe cut offed, since death was thought to be better than slavery. Later, after p leasing another tribal war, Oroonoko is betrayed and captured by an English captain, who planned to sell him and his men as slaves.Both Imoinda and Oroonoko were carried to Surinam, at that time an English colony based on sugarcane plantation in the West Indies. The ii lovers are reunited there, under the new Christian names of Caesar and Clemene, even though Imoindas beauty has attracted the undesired desires of other slaves and of the Cornish gentleman, Trefry. Upon Imoindas pregnancy, Oroonoko petitions for their return to the homeland. But after world continuously ignored, he organizes a slave revolt. The slaves are hunted down by the military forces and compelled to surrender on deputy governor Byams promise of amnesty.Yet, when the slaves surrender, Oroonoko and the others are punished and whipped. To avenge his honor, and to express his natural worth, Oroonoko decides to murder Byam. But to treasure Imoinda from violation and subjugation after his death, he decides to kill her. The two lovers discuss the plan, and with a smile on her face, Imoinda willingly dies by his hand. A few days later, Oroonoko is found mourning by her decapitated bole and is unbroken from killing himself, only to be publicly executed. During his death by dismemberment, Oroonoko calmly smokes a shout out and stoically withstands all the pain without crying out. The novel is written in a mixture of startle and third person, as the narrator relates actions in Africa and portrays herself as a witness of the actions that take place in Surinam.In the novel, the narrator presents herself as a lady who has come to Surinam with her unnamed father, a man think to be a new lieutenant-general of the colony. He, however, dies on the voyage from England. The narrator and her family are put up in the finest house in the settlement, in accord with their station, and the narrators experiences of run intoing the indigenous peoples and slaves are intermixed with the briny plot of the love of Oroonoko and Imoinda. At the conclusion of the love story, the narrator leaves Surinam for London. Structurally, there are three epochal pieces to the narrative, which does not flow in a strictly biographical manner.The novel opens with a statement of veracity, where the author claims to be report no fiction and no pedantic history. She claims to be an eyewitness and to be writing without any embellishment or theme, relying solely upon acceptedity. What follows is a description of Surinam itself and the South American Indians there. She regards the locals as saucer-eyed and living in a golden age (the presence of gold in the land being indicative of the epoch of the people themselves). It is only afterwards that the narrator provides the history of Oroonoko himself and the intrigues of both his grandfather and the slave captain, the captivity of Imoinda, and his own betrayal. The next section is in the narrators present Oroonoko and Imoinda are reunited, and Oroonoko an d Imoinda meet the narrator and Trefry. The third section contains Oroonokos rebellion and its aftermath.Biographical and historical backgroundOroonoko is now the around studied of Aphra Behns novels, merely it was not immediately successful in her own lifetime. It sold well, but the adaptation for the stage by Thomas Southerne (see below) made the story as popular as it became. soon after her death, the novel began to be read again, and from that time onward the f substantial claims made by the novels narrator, and the factuality of the whole plot of the novel, ware been accepted and questioned with longer and lesser credulity. Because Mrs. Behn was not operable to correct or confirm any information, early biographers assumed the first-person narrator was Aphra Behn speaking for herself and incorporated the novels claims into their accounts of her life. It is important, however, to recognize thatOroonoko is a work of fiction and that its first-person narratorthe protagonistne ed be no more factual than Jonathan Swifts first-person narrator, ostensibly Gulliver, in Gullivers Travels, Daniel Defoes shipwrecked narrator in Robinson Crusoe, or the first-person narrator of A Tale of a Tub.Fact and fiction in the narratorResearchers now cannot say whether or not the narrator of Oroonoko represents Aphra Behn and, if so, tells the truth. Scholars direct argued for over a century about whether or not Behn even visited Surinam and, if so, when. On the one hand, the narrator reports that she saw sheep in the colony, when the settlement had to import bone marrow from Virginia, as sheep, in particular, could not survive there. Also, as Ernest Bernbaum argues in Mrs. Behns Oroonoko, everything substantive in Oroonoko could have come from accounts by William Byam and George Warren that were circulating in London in the 1660s. However, as J.A. Ramsaran and Bernard Dhuiq catalog, Behn provides a great deal of precise local color and physical description of the colony . Topographical and culturalverisimilitude were not a mensuration for readers of novels and plays in Behns day any more than in Thomas Kyds, and Behn generally did not bother with attempting to be accurate in her locations in other stories. Her plays have quite indistinct settings, and she rarely spends time with topographical description in her stories.2Secondly, all the Europeans mentioned in Oroonoko were really present in Surinam in the 1660s. It is interesting, if the entire account is fictional and based on reportage, that Behn takes no liberties of invention to create European settlers she faculty need. Finally, the characterization of the real-life people in the novel does follow Behns own politics. Behn was a lifelong and warring royalist, and her fictions are quite consistent in portraying virtuous royalists and put-upon nobles who are opposed by petty and evil republicans/Parliamentarians. Had Behn not known the individuals she fictionalizes in Oroonoko, it is extreme ly unlikely that any of the real royalists would have become fictional villains or any of the real republicans fictional heroes, and yet Byam and James Bannister, both actual royalists in the Interregnum, are malicious, licentious, and sadistic, while George Marten, a Cromwellian republican, is reasonable, open-minded, and fair.2 On balance, it appears that Behn truly did travel to Surinam. The fictional narrator, however, cannot be the real Aphra Behn.For one thing, the narrator says that her father was set to become the deputy governor of the colony and died at sea en route. This did not happen to Bartholomew Johnson (Behns father), although he did die between 1660 and 1664.3 There is no indication at all of anyone except William Byam being Deputy Governor of the settlement, and the only major designing to die en route at sea was Francis, Lord Willoughby, the colonial patent holder for Barbados and Suriname. Further, the narrators fathers death explains her antipathy toward Byam, for he is her fathers usurper as Deputy Governor of Surinam. This fictionalized father thereby gives the narrator a motive for her unflattering portrait of Byam, a motive that might cover for the real Aphra Behns motive in going to Surinam and for the real Behns antipathy toward the real Byam. It is also unlikely that Behn went to Surinam with her husband, although she may have met and married in Surinam or on the journey back to England.A socially creditable single woman in good rest would not have gone unaccompanied to Surinam. Therefore, it is nearly likely that Behn and her family went to the colony in the company of alady. As for her purpose in going, Janet Todd presents a strong case for its being spying. At the time of the events of the novel, the deputy governor Byam had taken absolute control of the settlement and was being opposed not only by the at a time republican Colonel George Marten, but also by royalists within the settlement. Byams abilities were suspect, and i t is possible that either Lord Willoughby or Charles II would be interested in an investigation of the administration there.Beyond these facts, there is little known. The earliest biographers of Aphra Behn not only accepted the novels narrators claims as true, but Charles Gildon even invented a romantic liaison between the author and the title character, while the anonymous Memoirs of Aphra Behn, Written by One of the Fair Sex (both 1698) insisted that the author was too young to be romantically available at the time of the novels events. Later biographers have contended with these claims, either to prove or deny them. However, it is paying to look at the novels events as part of the observations of an investigator, as illustrations of government, rather than autobiography.Models for OroonokoThere were many slave revolts in English colonies led by Coromantin slaves. Oroonoko was described as being from Coromantien and was likely sculptural after Coromantin slaves who were known f or causing several rebellions in the Caribbean. One figure who matches aspects of Oroonoko is the white John Allin, a settler in Surinam. Allin was disillusioned and miserable in Surinam, and he was taken to alcoholism and wild, lavish blasphemies so shocking that Governor Byam believed that the repetition of them at Allins trial cracked the foundation of the courthouse.4 In the novel, Oroonoko plans to kill Byam and then himself, and this matches a plot that Allin had to kill Lord Willoughby and then commit suicide, for, he said, it was impossible to bear my own life, when I cannot enjoy it with freedom and honour.5 He wounded Willoughby and was taken to prison, where he killed himself with an overdose. His be was taken to a pillory, where a Barbicue was erected his Members cut off, and flung in his face, they had his Bowels burnt under the Barbicue his Head to be cut off, and his Body to be quartered, and when dry-barbicued or dry roasted his Head to be stuck on a rod cell at P arham (Willoughbys residence in Surinam), and his Quarters to be put up at the most eminent places of the Colony.5Allin, it must be stressed, was a planter, and neither an indentured nor enslaved worker, and the freedom and honour he seek was independence rather than manumission. Neither was Allin of noble blood, nor was his cause against Willoughby based on love. Therefore, the extent to which he provides a model for Oroonoko is limited more to his crime and punishment than to his plight. However, if Behn left Surinam in 1663, then she could have kept up with matters in the colony by reading the Exact Relation that Willoughby had printed in London in 1666, and seen in the extraordinary execution a barbarity to graft onto her villain, Byam, from the man who might have been her real employer, Willoughby. While Behn was in Surinam (1663), she would have seen a slave ship arrive with 130 freight, 54 having been lost in transit.Although the African slaves were not treated differently f rom the indentured servants coming from England (and were, in fact, more highly valued), their cases were hopeless, and both slaves, indentured servants, and local inhabitants attacked the settlement. There was no single rebellion, however, that matched what is related in Oroonoko. Further, the character of Oroonoko is physically different from the other slaves by being blacker skinned, having a Roman nose, and having straight hair. The lack of historical saucer of a mass rebellion, the unlikeliness of the physical description of the character (when Europeans at the time had no crystalize idea of race or an inheritable set of racial characteristics), and the European courtliness of the character suggests that he is most likely invented wholesale. Additionally, the characters name is artificial. There are names in the Yoruba language that are similar, but the African slaves of Surinam were from Ghana.Instead of from life, the character seems to come from literature, for his name is reminiscent of Oroondates, a character in La Calprendes Cassandra,which Behn had read.6 Oroondates is a prince of Scythia whose desired bride is snatched away by an elder king. Previous to this, there is an Oroondates who is the satrap of Memphis in thethiopica, a novel from late antiquity by Heliodorus of Emesa. Many of the plot elements in Behns novel are reminiscent of those in the thiopica and other Greek romances of the period. There is a particular similarity to the story of Juba in La Calprendes romance Cloptre, who becomes a slave in Rome and is accustomed a Roman nameCoriolanusby his captors, as Oroonoko is given the Roman name of Caesar.7 Alternatively, it could be argued that Oroonoko is a homophone for the Orinoco River, along which the English settled, and it is possible to see the character as an allegorical figure for the mismanaged territory itself. Oroonoko, and the crisis of value of aristocracy, slavery, and worth he represents to the colonists, is emblematic of the new world and colonization itself a person like Oroonoko is diagnostic of a place like the Orinoco.

Major Theories of Human Development

1. Epigenetic theory (Erikson)Eriksons epigenetic theory depicts spirit festering as a passage through eight sequential stages of ego development from infancy through old age. According to Erikson, the developing individual must master and resolve, to some extent, a core out conflict or crisis during each stage by integrating personal needs and skills with the social and heathen demands and expectations of the environment. Passage to each developmental stage is dependent on the resolution of the core conflict of ht predate stage. No core conflict is completely mastered, however (Mandleco 2004).2. Psychoanalytic theory (Freud)According to Freud, human mien is motivated by psychodynamic forces within an individuals unconscious creative thinker. Driven to act by these internal forces, individuals repeatedly move with their external environment. An individuals personality and psychosexual identity ar developed through the accumulation of these interacational experiences. Person ality consists of iii components id, ego and superego. The id is inborn, unconscious and driven by biologic instincts. The ego is a conscious and rational faculty. The superego is the internalization of the moral values learnt from parents and elders (Madleco 2004).3) Behaviorist theory (Watson)Behaviorism con angles that human expression can be explained as just now a relationship between a stimulus and a response, and learned behavior is just a conditioned response.Everything from speech to emotional responses are simply patterns of stimulus and response. Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness. Emotions are regarded simply as conditioned bodily responses to outside events. Thinking is explained simply as talking quietly. Watson believed that human behavior should be studied in a manner that every(prenominal)ows the researcher to c whole and control those behaviors (Klein 1989).4) Classical teach (Thorndike, skinner)Building upon the work of Thor ndike, Skinner distinguished two types of behavior. Respondent behavior is found on reflexes and does not require learning. For example, if one touches a hot surface, one will quick remove ones hand. Operant behavior, however, is learnt, and is performed spontaneously rather than as an automatic response to a situation. According to Skinner nigh human behavior is operant. Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from consequences of our behavior (Klein 1989).5) Social learning theory (Bandura)In social learning theory, primary focussing is given to learning experiences that occur through reciprocal social interactions. Environmental or situational determinants are important, further interactions are thought to be the conduit for internalization of social and nonsocial cues for behavior. Bandura and colleagues investigated the effects of modeling and imitation on the behavior of young children. They postulated that modeling and imitation are the primary interaction processes through which behavioral repertoires are acquired. Social learning theory emphasizes the socializing influence of the family (Lerner 1996).6) Cognitive theory (Piaget)According to Piagets cognitive theory, childrens development is marked by periods when they are particularly sensitive and responsive to outside influences. However, children are not pinhead slates on which teachers compose whatever they desire. Children, who have inherent dispositions and tendencies and are subject to their external environments, develop and recruit intellectually in an invariable sequence from birth through adolescence and adulthood. To teach effectively, teachers should be aware of the materials and approaches most appropriate for a childs readiness to learn (Sigelman & Rider 2005).7. Humanism (Maslow)The humanistic theory centers its attention on the experiencing person, emphasizes on qualities such as choice, creativity , valuation, and self-realization, with an ultimate concern for valuing of dignity and worth of a man, and an interest in the development of the potential inherent in every person. Maslow has referred to his psychology as holistic, dynamic psychology, and most of all it is known as self-actualization psychology, which expresses that people possess potentiality which could become actualities through the process of wholesome emersion (Coon 2004).8. Stages of moral development (Kohlberg)Kohlberg postulated that human beings tend to progress through six-spot stages of moral development. People tend to make decisions and judgments about right and wrong for different reasons, depending on the stage of development they have achieved. Kohlbergs six stages of moral development are 1) unspoilt is obedience to power and avoidance of punishment. 2)Right is taking responsibility for oneself 3) Right is being good in the sense of having good motives 4) Right is maintaining the rules of a socie ty 5) Right is based on recognized individual rights within a society 6) Right is an assumed obligation to principles applying to all humankind justice, equality, and respect to human life (Lerner 1996).ReferencesCoon, D. 2004. Introduction to Psychology Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Belmont,CA Thomson WadsworthKlein, S. B. 1989. Contemporary acquire Theories Instrumental Conditioning Theoryand the Impact of Biological Constraints on Learning. Hillsdale, NJ LawrenceErlbaum AssociatesLerner, R. M. 1996. Concepts and Theories of Human Development. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesMandleco, B. L. 2004. suppuration & Development Handbook Newborn ThroughAdolescent. Clifton Park, NY Delmar LearningSigelman, C. K. & Rider E. A. 2005. Life-span Human Development. Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth