The reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign Essay Example

The reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign Essay There are many different forms of media choices starting from television, online e.g. YouTube going viral, social media such as Twitter and Facebook. You will need a target audience, target market such as what is the age market you are aiming for where are you going to advertise for example if you are aiming for the senior market you could probably advertising during coronation street. Where as if it was teenage market the best marketing place for that would be social media such as Facebook and Twitter. In this assignment I am going to look at one promotional campaign for the Tween market: The tweens have a big influence on their parents spending. They have pester power which means that they force their parents to buy things they want. 25 million kids, between the ages of 8 and14, form the most powerful consumer group since the baby boom. Twenty million strong nationwide, tweens and kids ages 8 to 14 now flex $43 billion worth of annual spending power. The young consumers receive an average weekly allowance of $12 each, up from only $5 in 2009. The tweens preferred media are marketing in school, viral marketing through TV, product placement, DVDs, video games and IPod. We will write a custom essay sample on The reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Calculations vary according to the assorted ways tweens are defined (some say theyre 9 to 12, others 10 to 12), but one estimate has kids aged 8 to 12 spending $30 billion of their own money annually and influencing another $150 billion of their parents’ spending. Its little wonder that marketers are paying so much attention to them, devoting an estimated $17 billion a year. This all-new 2013 edition of Tween Sensibility, Spending and Influence is your guide to the complex, lucrative tween market. This comprehensive report: 1. Provides critical insight into tween lifestyles so you can develop advertising and marketing campaigns that take advantage of their media habits, play patterns, back-to-school shopping, and more. 2. Demonstrates strategies for targeting your marketing to both child and parent. 3. Delivers the data you need about tweens social media use, video viewing habits, and apps preferences. 4. Guides you to who tweens influence and who influences tweens. Tweens are 21 million strong, spend an estimated $30 billion annually, and influence $150 billion of their parents spending. One-click shopping is the standard in their lives. Google answers their questions, homework and otherwise. And the iPhone has been in existence for at least half of their lives. Tween Sensibility, Spending And Influence reveals: 1. How much spending money tweens have and how and where they spend it 2. When to address tweens as children and when to communicate with them in a more adult-like fashion 3. What tweens do with their time, online and off? I have decided to Disneyland as a service for the tween market; Disneyland: Disney Channel, the leader in television for kids and families, launches a branding campaign highlighting the networks original programming. Targeted to U.S. tweens, a key demographic made up of kids ages nine to fourteen, the $10 million-plus campaign launches at the end of August, and will initially be supported through two 30-second television spots. This campaign is designed to inform kids that Disney Channel is a destination for tween-oriented original programming. We want the take-away for tweens to be that Disney Channel is the place to go for unexpected original entertainment, said Eleo Hensleigh, executive vice president, marketing, Disney/ABC Cable Networks. Kids 9-14 will appreciate the humor of the spots, each with an unexpected twist. In the first spot, Gotta Go, a 14 year-old boy urgently runs home just in timeto watch Disney Channel. In the second spot, Scare, three kids escape the horror of their house and run next door just in timeto find a TV thats working so they can keep watching Disney Channel. The spots will run on a variety of broadcast and cable networks. Teenagers are more worried how they look and how much money they have. They would use social media such as Facebook and Twitter. They would attract teenagers by social media. Disney would use different media such as TV or Internet and Viral marketing because they know that the tweens will watch TV some point of the day. They would use product placement so that when tweens watch a programme or a film there will be product placement in it. They will also market in school so that the tweens are more aware of their products. Disney theme parks, including the water parks, are fun for family members of all ages, and many of the rides and attractions appeal to teenage tastes. Older teens can explore Disneys parks on their own, especially if the family is staying at an on-site hotel. At Walt Disney World in Orlando, they can move between multiple theme parks with a Park Hopper ticket and use Disneys free internal transportation system to meet up with the rest of the family at a park or restaurant or head back to the hotel.

Free Essays on Blue Stuff

Book Description Concerned for her family’s financial welfare and eager to expand her own horizons, Agnes Grey takes up the position of governess, the only respectable employment for an unmarried woman in the nineteenth century. Unfortunately, Agnes cannot anticipate the hardship, humiliation, and loneliness that await her in the brutish Bloomfield and haughty Murray households. Drawn from Anne Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own experiences, Agnes Grey depicts the harsh conditions and class snobbery that governesses were often forced to endure. As Barbara A. Suess writes in her Introduction, â€Å"Brontà « provides a portrait of the governess that is as sympathetic as her fictional indictment of the shallow, selfish moneyed class is biting.† This is the personal story of 19th century Englishwoman Agnes Grey. It is written much like a diary. It shares Agnes's experiences of leaving her sheltered family life to become a governess and the joy and sacrifice she endured What one reviewer at amazon said about Agnes Grey: After reading "Wuthering Heights" (by Emily), "Jane Eyre" (by Charlotte), and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall" (by Anne), I found myself slightly disappointed by the lack of passion and romanticism in Anne Bronte's "Agnes Grey". This novel truly is simple, unpretentious, and down-to-earthand, therefore, far too easy to underestimate and undervalue. The title character is the younger daughter of a poor family, who seeks employment as a governess in order to help her parents make ends meet. This noble act of maturity on her part earns her nothing but disillusion, humiliation and hardship in the hands of the tyrannical children and over-indulgent parents of Wellwood House (Note the intriguing initials W.H., which stand for Wuthering Heights and Wildfell Hall in other Bronte books) and, later, Horton Lodge. For several chapters, Anne Bronte does not do much butdare I say it?complain about the lot of the Victorian governess. Th... Free Essays on Blue Stuff Free Essays on Blue Stuff Book Description Concerned for her family’s financial welfare and eager to expand her own horizons, Agnes Grey takes up the position of governess, the only respectable employment for an unmarried woman in the nineteenth century. Unfortunately, Agnes cannot anticipate the hardship, humiliation, and loneliness that await her in the brutish Bloomfield and haughty Murray households. Drawn from Anne Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own experiences, Agnes Grey depicts the harsh conditions and class snobbery that governesses were often forced to endure. As Barbara A. Suess writes in her Introduction, â€Å"Brontà « provides a portrait of the governess that is as sympathetic as her fictional indictment of the shallow, selfish moneyed class is biting.† This is the personal story of 19th century Englishwoman Agnes Grey. It is written much like a diary. It shares Agnes's experiences of leaving her sheltered family life to become a governess and the joy and sacrifice she endured What one reviewer at amazon said about Agnes Grey: After reading "Wuthering Heights" (by Emily), "Jane Eyre" (by Charlotte), and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall" (by Anne), I found myself slightly disappointed by the lack of passion and romanticism in Anne Bronte's "Agnes Grey". This novel truly is simple, unpretentious, and down-to-earthand, therefore, far too easy to underestimate and undervalue. The title character is the younger daughter of a poor family, who seeks employment as a governess in order to help her parents make ends meet. This noble act of maturity on her part earns her nothing but disillusion, humiliation and hardship in the hands of the tyrannical children and over-indulgent parents of Wellwood House (Note the intriguing initials W.H., which stand for Wuthering Heights and Wildfell Hall in other Bronte books) and, later, Horton Lodge. For several chapters, Anne Bronte does not do much butdare I say it?complain about the lot of the Victorian governess. Th...

MAE504case3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MAE504case3 - Research Paper Example This is identical to theory derived deductively from grand theory, without assistance of data. This could end up fitting no data at all. Grounded theory addresses the controversies brought about by other theories especially the grand theory, which people claim, is identical to grounded theory. While grand theory may end up fitting no data especially if it does not gain data assistance, grounded theory depends on nothing and assures a complete dataset (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). All research theories support grounded theory because they all fall under the same category. For example, grounded theory and grand theory are more or less the same because both of them address the issue of data. Both of them are employed in filling the databases from the outcomes established on the ground after an extensive research. Just, like the other research theories such as labeling and professionalism theories, grounded, theory takes a case other than viable perspective (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). This makes differentiation of this perspective almost impossible. This shows that the researcher takes distinct cases to be complete, in which the variables interact as a unit to generate some outcomes. All the research theories employ case-oriented perspective in examining how variables interact. The primary notion of the grounded theory approach is to read a textual database like a corpus of field notes. This is done to identify or label variables mostly referred to as concepts, categories, and properties, as well as, their interrelationships (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). The capability to distinguish variables and associations is called â€Å"theoretical sensitivity†. This is influenced by the numeral of things engrossing a person’s reading of literature and his employment of techniques structured to facilitate compassion. This means that the methodological approach to grounded theory is through theoretical sensitivity. It is

Trends that Influence Effective Learning Assignment

Trends that Influence Effective Learning - Assignment Example According to Morrison et al (2010), ADDIE process was established at the University of Florida and was meant for military training servicemen, who needed curriculum development processes. Its present version was developed, and revised in mid-1980’s. ADDIE process involves the five treads founded in this model. They include; analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluation.Analyze; this involves an instructor collecting information concerning the learners, identifying the topics, and the content that should be covered. It is in this step that the instructors give a layout of the objectives of the project that need to be achieved. This enhances and gives meaning to the content since it makes learning to be relevant and achievable. Objectives serve as pointers of goal setting in education. When an instructor is developing a pedagogical way of delivering information, one must ensure that he comes up with objectives that need to be addressed. In cases, where these goals are not met, then learning may not have taken place. Therefore, for useful learning and teaching to be identified proper tools and materials should be applied to improve instruction. Design; this is the second step that enables instructional designers to develop their projects using the information received from the analysis stage. It is at this point that the instructor shows how he plans to ensure that learning has been achieved. The content is broken down into basic units that can be easily understood by learners.

Sainsbury's analysis and valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sainsbury's analysis and valuation - Essay Example It generated ?131 million PBT in 2010. 4- Sainsbury’s banking which is the result of a joint venture with Lloyds bank. It created such services as insurances, credit cards and loans and generated ?7 million PBT in 2010(j.Sainsbury our business 2011). According to J.Sainsbury RAQs (2011), there are different competitors of Sainsbury for each of its areas. For example, for supermarket, which is the biggest activity in the company, competitors are Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Morrison. However, the competitors for banking service are the traditional high street banks, Tesco and M&S financial services, Egg, MNA, Capital one, Direct Line and Cahoot. This paper will analyze the Sainsbury Company through a look into its macroeconomic environment, industry, five forces model, business model, and financial conditions. Business investors may use the recommendation made in this paper to see whether to buy, sell or hold Sainsbury’s share. Macroeconomic Environment: Interest Rate and Inflation Rate UK interest rate in March’ 2011 had been registered at 0.5% which is a record low (BBC, 2011). In February 2011, inflation rate of UK rose to 4.4% (BBC, 2011). Interest rate has a major impact on time value of money. Changes in the rate of inflation generally result in alterations in the interest rate. These two factors are the key factors employed in the decision making for investment since they have a direct impact upon the ‘investment yield’. In case of UK, the record low interest rate will support the investment on shares. Rising interest rates retard the growth of inflation. Lower rate of interest increases the borrowing from businesses, which can have an impact on Sainsbury’s. This can make investment in durable consumer goods products such as automobiles, capital equipments and buildings appealing. The lower rate of interest can also affect the value of currency by making the currency weak. This can in turn enhance the market value of Sainsbury’s for the foreign purchasers. This will also help to increase the profitability of the company (Economy Watch, 2009). Rise in inflation rate coincides with the increase in cost of fuel, food and clothing items. Rise in inflation generally takes place due to increase in wholesale price index, which can have an effect on retail spending of a consumer and can weaken the consumer demand. Inflation rise also increases prices of products and VAT (value added tax) on a product that generally affects the sales volume. Factors like high level of inflation, subdued growth of wage and indecisive economic viewpoint generally reflect in terms of consumer spending. Therefore, the inflationary scenario in the UK can have a big impact of the sales and profitability of Sainsbury (RTE News, 2001). 1-PEST analysis: Political According to Lawrence (2010a), the government intends to limit the role of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and remove the ‘traffic light’ food label ing system, which has long been opposed by leading supermarkets like Tesco. As a result, the food industry will face little to no regulation for self and voluntary regulation (Lawrence 2010b). Leading supermarkets will have a ‘strong presence’ as far as accompanying the government on the forming of new

Game theory can help us understand firms interactions

Game theory can help us understand firms interactions How can game theory help us to understand firms interactions? Discuss the differences between quantity and price competition. Part I. Introduction Game theory analysis is a useful tool to study the behaviour of firms in oligopolistic markets- the fundamental economic problem of competition between two or more firms. In this essay I will focus on two of the most notorious models in oligopoly theory; Cournot and Bertrand. In the Cournot model, firms control their level of production, which influences the market price. In the Bertrand model, firms decide on what price to set for a unit of product, which affects the market demand. Competition in oligopoly markets is a setting of strategic interaction which is why it is analyzed in a game theoretic context. Both Cournot and Bertrand competition are modelled as strategic games. In addition, in both models a firms revenue is the product of a firms part of the market multiplied by the price. Furthermore, a firm incurs a production cost, which is dependant on its production level. In the simplest model of oligopolistic competition firms play a single game, where actions are taken simultaneously. All firms produce homogenous goods and demand for this good is linear and the cost of production is fixed per unit. In this market a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies exists in both the Cournot and Bertrand models. However, despite the many parallels between the models, the Nash equilibrium points are extremely different. In Bertrand competition, Nash equilibrium drives prices down to the same level they would be under perfect competition (p=MC), while in Cournot competition, the price at Nash equilibrium is unquestionably above the competitive level. Part II. Cournot and Bertrand Competition In 1838 Augustin Cournot published Recherches sur les Principes Mathematiques de la Theorie des Richesses, a paper that laid out his theories on competition, monopoly, and oligopoly. However Joseph Louis Franà §ois Bertrand concluded that Cournots equilibrium for duopoly firms was not accurate. He went on to argue whatever the common price adopted, if one of the owners, alone, reduces his price, he will, ignoring any minor exceptions, attract all of the buyers, and thus double his revenue if his rival lets him do so. Cournot had originally arrived at his equilibrium by assuming that each firm took the quantity set by its competitors as given, evaluated its residual demand and then put its profit maximizing quantity on the market. Here, each firms profit function is stated in terms of the quantity set by all other firms. Next, Cournot would partially differentiate each firms profit function with respect to the original firms quantity then set each of the resulting expressions to zero. In the case of a duopoly, Cournot could plot the equations in rectangular coordinates. Here, equilibrium is established where the two curves intersect. By plotting the first order conditions for each firm (i.e. the profit maximizing output of each firm given the quantities set by rivals) Cournot was able to solve for functions that gave the best reaction for each firm depending on the other firms strategies. In game theory this is known as a best response function. At the intersection of the best response functions i n Cournot competition, each firms assumptions about rival firms strategies are correct. In game theory this is know as a Nash equilibria. Therefore in modern literature market rivalries based on quantity setting strategies are referred to Cournot competition whereas rivalries based on price strategies are referred to as Bertrand competition. In each model, the intersections of the best response functions are referred to Cournot-Nash and Bertrand Nash equilibria consecutively, representing a point where no firm can increase profits by unilaterally changing quantity (in the case of Cournot) or price (in the case of Bertrand). The major conflict between Bertrand and Cournot Competition therefore lies in how each one determines the competitive process which leads to different mechanisms by which individual consumers demands are allocated by competing firms. That is, Cournot assumes that the market allocates sales equal to what any given firm produces but at a price determined by what the market will bear, but Bertrand assumes that the firm with the lowest price is allocated all sales. Being that Bertrand Competition and Cournot competition are both models of oligopolistic market structures, they both share many characteristics. Both models have the following assumptions; that there are many buyers, there are a very small number of major sellers, products are homogenous, there is perfect knowledge, and there is restricted entry. Nonetheless, despite their similarities, their findings pose a stark dichotomy. Under Cournot competition where firms compete by strategically managing their output firms are able to enjoy super-normal profits because the resulting Market price is higher than that of marginal cost. On the other hand, under the Bertrand model where firms compete on price, the limited competition is enough to push down prices to the level of marginal cost. The idea that a duopoly will lead to the same set of prices as perfect competition is often referred to as the Bertrand paradox. In Bertrand competition, firms 1s optimim price depends on where it believe firm 2 will set its prices. By pricing jus below the other firm it can obtain full market demand (D), while maximizing profits. However if firm 1 expects firm 2 to set price a price that is below marginal cost then the best strategy for firm 1 is to set price higher at marginal cost. In basic terms, firm 1s best response function is p1(p2). This provides firm 1 with the optimal price for ever possible price set by firm 2. The diagram below shows firm 1s reaction function p1(p2), with each firms strategy show on both the axiss. From this we can see that when p2 is less than marginal cost (i.e. firm 2 chooses to price below marginal cost), firm 1 will price at marginal cost (p1=MC). However, when firm 2 prices above marginal cost firm 1 sets price just below that of firm 2. In this model both firms have identical costs. Therefore, firm 2s reaction function is symmetrical to firm 1s with respect to a 45degree line. The result of both firms strategies is a Bertrand Nash equilibrium shown by the intersection of the two reaction functions. This represents a pair or strategies (in this case price strategies) where neither firm can increase profits by unilaterally changing price. An essential Assumption of the Cournot model is that each firm will aim to maximize its profits based on the understanding that its own output decisions will not have an effect on the decisions of its rival firms. In this model price in a commonly know decreasing function of total output. Furthermore, each firm knows N, the total number of firms operating in the market. They take the output of other firms as given. All firms have a cost function ci(qi), which may be the same of different amongst firms. Market price is set at a level so that demand is equal to the total quantity produced by all firms and every firm will take the quantity set by its rivals as a given, evaluate its residual demand, and then behaves a monopoly. Like in Bertrand competition, we can use a best response function to show the quantity that maximizes profit for a firm for every possible quantity produced by the rival firm. We observe a Cournot equilibrium when a quantity pair exists so that both firms are maximizing profits given the quantity produced by the rival. Part III. Conclusion In reality, neither model is more accurate than the other as there are many different types of industry. In some industries output can be adjusted quickly, therefore Bertrand competition is more accurate at describing firm behaviour. However, if output cannot be adjusted quickly because of fixed production plans (i.e. capacity decisions are made ahead of actual production) then quantity-setting Cournot is more appropriate.

Merciless Death in Katherine Anne Porters The Jilting of Granny Weathe

Merciless Death in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall," Katherine Anne Porter gives readers a glimpse of the thoughts of a woman about to die.   Lying in her bed in her daughter Cornelia's house, eighty-year-old Granny Weatherall drifts in and out of consciousness.   Through her thoughts of events both current and bygone, it is learned that Granny has worked hard all her life, and frequently tells herself that she did a good job.   She thinks of events that made her stronger: digging holes for fence posts, "riding country roads in the winter when women had their babies" (311), taking care of sick animals and sick children.   Though Granny Weatherall tries to assure herself that her life has been rewarding, she is in fact unsatisfied in her last hours because of things left undone, being treated like a child in her old age, and loved ones she has lost.   When it becomes apparent to her that her time is running out, Granny realizes there are many things left undone that she meant to do.   Granny thinks of tomorrow, a time that is "far away" and ...

French Food Essay

Creamy cheeses, steaming bread, the scent of olive oil and pepper in the air, and warm sugar dusted pastries that melt on your tongue are just some of the things that describe the food in France. In many ways, understanding the food is understanding France itself. The French take pride in their cooking. In France, it is said the way you prepare and serve your meal reflects upon you and your family. France has set the bar in terms of high culinary standards. Some of France’s traditional dishes can be dated back to the fifteenth century, where dishes were decorated lavishly to hide the use of rotting food in the homes of the rich. Later on, food was decorated and flavored not to hide the rotting food, but to emphasize the flavors of the regional food (Lowen 36). In France, there are many different types of cooking, due to the geographical differences of the country. In the Northwestern regions, they specialize in fruit, and in dairy. In the Southeastern region, the main foods they use are heavy meat and lard, due to the close proximity to Germany. Northern regions usually have more wheat, cheese, and beer. The Southern region serves more herbs, olive oil, tomatoes, and spices, which is cuisine du terrior, more traditional cooking (France and Their French Culinary Traditions). In the many regions of France, along with different cooking styles, there are regional wines. The French produce around seven to eight billion bottles a year. France is the second largest wine producer, behind Spain (French Wine). In Alsace, Eastern France, white wines are produced in bulk there. Additionally, in Eastern France, Beaujolais, is primarily a red wine region. In Champagne, North Eastern France, sparkling wines are produced there, along with some rose, and white (French Wine). There are over fifty different wine regions, each with a wine they specialize in. Wine is served throughout the day, with every meal. Children start drinking wine around the age of thirteen with their meals. Younger children also join in, but their wine is diluted with water. Typically a red wine is served at the end of the meal with a platter of cheeses, to signal the end of the meal. In France, there are three hundred to four hundred distinct types of cheeses grouped into eight categories, les huit familles de fromage (List of French Cheeses). The cheeses are made with different milk to give it different flavors. The most popular are cow, ewe, and goat milk. The animal milk gives the cheeses different flavors based upon the animal’s diet, and because each animal has a different protein and acidic combination. Cheeses also get different flavors by the environment in which they are produced. It is said that each person in France consumes about forty-five pounds of cheese every year. France is said to be the â€Å"Cheese Capital of the World† (List of French Cheeses). Cheese is a staple part of everyday life in France. Breakfast in France is a light meal, consisting of a small platter of fresh fruit from the local farmers market, a small tartine, which is half a buttered baguette, with your choice of jams or jellies to dip them in (Culinary Ambassadors-Breakfast in France). Also at the breakfast table, one can find hot chocolate for the children and hot espressos for the adults. Drinks that are normally reserved for winter, however, the French enjoy them all year round. Lunch is taken very seriously in France. Most lunch breaks are two hours long! Normally, lunch starts at eleven and ends at one. Most Southern businesses take longer breaks, due to the Mediterranean being right there; they might fish, or take a swim before returning to work for the afternoon (France Property and Information). The lunch time food will normally depend on the region, because most meals in France consist of fresh and local ingredients. Dinner in France is the most important meal of the day; normally eaten late in the evening, it consist of many dishes and courses, even for a family dinner. Even the most simple of dishes, are presented elegantly and taste excellent. The first part of a party dinner meal would be L’Aperitif, which consist of small alcoholic drinks and small bites of hot food, to stimulate the appetite. After that, the host serves L’Entree (Appetizer), during this time; the guest could be served anything from capers to small bowls of hot soups. Le Plat Principal, the main course, will most likely have fish or beef, and local vegetables. The next part, La Fromage (cheese), will have a wide variety of cheeses to pertain to every guests taste. After the guests finish their cheese plates, they move on to La’ Cafe (coffee), which is normally taken in the living room and served with a small piece of chocolate, which is said to increase the flavor. To signal the end of the meal, the hosts’ serves Le Diegestif, which consist of strong alcoholic beverages such a cognac, brandy, or whiskey. The French use this to end the meal to signal awareness of the dangers of drunk driving. (Courses of a French Dinner). Also on holidays such as, Christmas, or New Years, the men end the night by smoking cigars and drinking strong alcohol. In France, holidays such as, Christmas, are very important. During the Christmas meal, La revillion, which is held at midnight mass on Christmas Eve, the main course for this meal varies from region to region. The meal is very similar to a party dinner, except for their dessert menu; in Provence, they serve thirteen desserts to represent Jesus Christ and the 12 apostles. The desserts are traditionally set out on Christmas Eve and remain on the table three days until December twenty-seventh (List of Christmas Dishes). The most well know and popular dessert of the Christmas season is the Yule Log, Buche de Nol. The Yule Log is a small cake, normally chocolate, that is in the shape of the traditional Yule Log the French used to burn from Christmas to New Year to symbolize good luck. Henry Bourne was the first to use the Yule log in the seventeenth century (Christmas in France). Many chefs are trained in the art of French cooking. Antoine Careme, the first nationally recognized chef in the eighteenth century was known as the â€Å"King of Chefs and the Chef of Kings†. Another famous chef, George Auguste Escoffier, made a modernization of Careme’s traditional recipes. Escoffier lent his talents in the opening in the Ritz and Carlton Hotels that he opened with is partner, Caesar Ritz. Charles Ranhofer is known as one of the most famous chefs because; he brought French cooking to American cities. Ranhofer first brought French cuisine to New York’s famed Delmonico’s restaurant. Delmonico’s served many great people, from President Johnson, President U. S Grant, and many foreign ambassadors with his modified French-American cooking (Famous Chefs in History). Any writings about French Chefs won’t be complete with out mentioning Julia Child. Child’s starting cooking at the age of thirty-four, when she moved to Paris with her husband. At that time, she came up with her great epiphany; â€Å"Good food is more that roast beef and mashed potatoes. † After that life changing moment, Child enrolled in Le Cordon Blue cooking school. After she completed the course, she wrote her infamous cook book, Mastering the Art of French Cooking. Child’s went on to become the first â€Å"Celebrity Chef† with T. V shows, more books, and magazine articles. Many chefs use Child’s recipes in their restaurants. In Paris alone, there are over five thousand restaurants, and with that many places to eat, it’s sometimes hard to choose. (French Food Facts). The Michelin Guide is a series of books published by Michelin for over a dozen countries. The guide originally started out as a hotel and restaurant guide to help guide tourists to places that best fit their needs (Michelin Guide). The first book was distributed in the nineteen-hundreds for free, but now they charge for each edition. The guide began recognizing outstanding restaurants in the1920’s. By listing a restaurant in the guide, two or three stars is usually added to their ratings, and yield twenty-five percent more business for the following year (France Property and Food). The modern restaurant got its start from France. Prior to the eighteenth century people who wished to â€Å"dine out† would visit their local guild member’s kitchen, and have their meal prepared for them there. In the mid 1700’s, the first restaurants started appearing. These locations were open all times of the day, and they all featured the finest china and the prices were reasonable. The most famous French restaurants were started by ex-monarchy cooks, who left in the years leading up to the French Revolution (French Cuisine). The making of French food is difficult, and most of all, time consuming, but the end product is worth it. All of the history and techniques that go into a single meal is outstanding. From the French language, bon appetit has been a familiar saying known around the world. Meaning good appetite and enjoy your meal. So, â€Å"Bon Appetit. † Some people like to paint pictures, or do gardening, or build a boat in the basement. Other people get a tremendous pleasure out of the kitchen, because cooking is just as creative and imaginative an activity as drawing, or wood carving, or playing music. ~ Julia Child Works Cited â€Å"Culinary Ambassadors. † Serious Seats. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Famous Chefs In History. † Street Dictionary. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"French Christmas. † Santas. net. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"French Dinner. † Wise Geek. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"French Wine. † Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"List of French Cheeses. † Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"List of Christmas Dishes. † Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . Lowen , Nancy. Food in France. Vero Beach, Florida: Rourke Publications Inc, 1991. Print. â€Å"Michelin Guide. † Wikipedia. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.

USS Minnesota (BB-22) in the Great White Fleet

USS Minnesota (BB-22) in the Great White Fleet USS Minnesota (BB-22) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Battleship Shipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company Laid Down: October 27, 1903 Launched: April 8, 1905 Commissioned: March 9, 1907 Fate: Sold for scrap, 1924 USS Minnesota (BB-22) - Specifications Displacement: 16,000 tons Length: 456.3 ft. Beam: 76.9 ft. Draft: 24.5 ft. Speed: 18 knots Complement: 880 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" 12 in./45 cal guns8 Ãâ€" 8 in./45 cal guns12 Ãâ€" 7 in./45 cal guns20 Ãâ€" 3 in./50 cal guns12 Ãâ€" 3 pounders2 Ãâ€" 1 pounders4 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes USS Minnesota (BB-22) - Design Construction: With construction beginning on the Virginia-class (USS Virginia, USS Nebraska, USS Georgia, USS , and USS ) of battleship in 1901, Secretary of the Navy John D. Long consulted the US Navys system of bureaus and boards for their input regarding the design of capital ships. While their thoughts centered on equipping the next class of battleships with four 12 guns, energetic debate continued over the types secondary armament. Following extensive discussions, it was decided to arm the new type with eight 8 guns placed in four waist turrets. These were to be supported by twelve rapid-fire 7 guns. Achieving a compromise with this armament, the new class pushed forward and on July 1, 1902 approval was received for construction of two battleships, USS Connecticut (BB-18) and USS (BB-19). Dubbed the Connecticut-class, this type would ultimately comprise six battleships. Laid down on October 27, 1903, work commenced on USS Minnesota at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. Less than two years later, the battleship entered the water on April 8, 1905, with Rose Schaller, the daughter of a Minnesota state senator, acting as sponsor. Building continued for nearly two years before the ship entered commission on March 9, 1907, with Captain John Hubbard in command. Though the US Navys most modern type, the Connecticut-class was made obsolete that December when British Admiral Sir John Fisher introduced the all-big gun HMS Dreadnought. Departing Norfolk, Minnesota steamed north for a shakedown cruise off New England before returning the Chesapeake to take part in the Jamestown Exposition that April to September. USS Minnesota (BB-22) - Great White Fleet: In 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt became concerned about the US Navys lack of strength in the Pacific due to the increasing danger posed by Japan. To demonstrate to the Japanese that the United States could easily switch its main battle fleet to the Pacific, he directed that a world cruise of the countrys battleships be planned. Dubbed the Great White Fleet, Minnesota, still commanded by Hubbard, was directed to join the forces Third Division, Second Squadron. Both the flagship of the division and squadron, Minnesota embarked Rear Admiral Charles Thomas. Other elements of the division included the battleships USS Maine (BB-10), USS Missouri (BB-11), and USS Ohio (BB-12). Leaving from Hampton Roads on December 16, the fleet sailed south through the Atlantic and made visits to Trinidad and Rio de Janeiro before reaching Punta Arenas, Chile on February 1, 1908. Passing through the Straits of Magellan, the fleet cruised in review off Valparaiso, Chile before making a port call at Cal lao, Peru. Departing on February 29, Minnesota and the other battleships spent three weeks conducting gunnery practice off Mexico the following month. Making port at San Francisco on May 6, the fleet paused in California for a short time before turning west for Hawaii. Steering southwest, Minnesota and the fleet arrived at New Zealand and Australia in August. After enjoying festive and elaborate port calls, which included parties, sporting events, and parades, the fleet moved north to the Philippines, Japan, and China. Concluding goodwill visits in these countries, Minnesota and the fleet transited the Indian Ocean and passed through the Suez Canal. Arriving in the Mediterranean, the fleet divided to show the flag in numerous ports before rendezvousing at Gibraltar. Reunited, it crossed the Atlantic and reached Hampton Roads on February 22 where it was greeted by Roosevelt. With the cruise over, Minnesota entered the yard for an overhaul that saw a cage foremast installed. USS Minnesota (BB-22) - Later Service: Resuming duty with the Atlantic Fleet, Minnesota spent much of the next three years employed off the East Coast though it did make one visit to the English Channel. During this period, it received a cage mainmast. In early 1912, the battleship shifted south to Cuban waters and in June aided in protecting American interests on the island during an insurrection known as the Negro Rebellion. The following year, Minnesota moved to the Gulf of Mexico as tensions between the United States and Mexico increased. Though the battleship returned home that fall, it spent much of 1914 off Mexico. Making two deployments to the area, it helped support the US occupation of Veracruz. With the conclusion of operations in Mexico, Minnesota resumed routine activities off the East Coast. It continued in this duty until being moved to the Reserve Fleet in November 1916. USS Minnesota (BB-22) - World War I: With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Minnesota returned to active duty. Assigned to Battleship Division 4 in the Chesapeake Bay, it commenced operations as an engineering and gunnery training ship. On September 29, 1918, while conducting training off Fenwick Island Light, Minnesota struck a mine which had been laid by a German submarine. Though no one on board was killed, the explosion caused substantial damage to the battleships starboard side. Turning north, Minnesota limped to Philadelphia where it underwent five months of repairs. Emerging from the yard on March 11, 1919, it joined the Cruiser and Transport Force. In this role, it completed three trips to Brest, France to help return American servicemen from Europe. Completing this duty, Minnesota spent the summers of 1920 and 1921 as a training ship for midshipmen from the US Naval Academy. With the end of the latter years training cruise, it moved into reserve before being decommissioned on December 1. Idle for the next three years, it was sold for scrap on January 23, 1924 in accordance with the Washington Naval Treaty. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Minnesota (BB-22)NHHC: USS Minnesota (BB-22)NavSource: USS Minnesota (BB-22)

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