Asperger Syndrome Implications and Intervention - 1375 Words

Asperger Syndrome: Implications and Interventions Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a condition characterized by developmental delays most notable in social contexts. AS is most commonly identified by obsessive and repetitive behaviors and unawareness of nonverbal communication. Both Asperger syndrome and autism are forms of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). It is important to note the distinctions between the two PDD’s. We do not see impairment of adaptive skills, cognitive development, or language delay in those affected by Aspergers as we do in individuals with autism (Carpenter, Spratt, Macias, 2013). Autism effects around 13 per 10,000 people, and Asperger disorder is seen in only 3 out of 10,000 (Fombonne, 2004). The regions of the brain that are affected with autism include left hemispheric impairment whereas the right hemispherical portion is correlated with Asperger’s. Equally important is the differentiation of Aspergers syndrome and High Functioning Autism. U nlike HFA, there is little language delay. The researcher will delve into regions of the brain associated with characteristic behaviors of the disorder and address additional neural contributors. While Asperger syndrome is multifactorial, genes are most influential and have a heritability of 80% (Lichtenstein et al 2010). A specific gene has not yet been identified for the disorder, and is thought to be a result of many genetic mutations combined (El-Fishawy 2010). Inherited genes make us vulnerable to theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Theories of Vygotsky1423 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT Research over the past decade has acknowledged the impacts of characteristics and life-functioning for individuals on the autism spectrum. Models of support or interventions strategies have been researched but little, or limited practical or resourced models appeared as accessible for families of older youth. The intention of this research paper was to investigate a specific activity group for youth on the autism spectrum. The group runs concurrently with a parent group and is fundedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay3630 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term encompassing a wide range of conditions and severities of ability – from severe, entirely non-communicative cases, to what is often referred to as High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Asperger Syndrome (AS). Psychiatrist and professor Leo Kanner was the first to coin the label Autism , in his descriptions of a group of children he was working with, all of whom showed similar characteristics and difficulties in their social, emotional andRead MoreAspergers Syndrome Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesimagine a preschool age child who does not like to play games that involve use of his/her imagination? Imaginative games is one of the hallmarks of early childhood. These are some of the problems that people with Aspergers syndrome live with every day. Aspergers syndrome is a relatively new diagnosis in the DSM-IV, the manual that mental health professionals use to diagnose patients. The disorder was first included in the latest edition in 1994. It is one of the pervasive developmental disordersRead MoreAutism Prevalence, Research And The Historical Viewpoint1343 Words   |  6 Pagesadaptability (Wing and Potter, 2002). Following on from this, in 1944 Hans Asperger, a child psychologist and pediatrician, described a similar syndrome, but with milder functional impairments, he labelled this â€Å"autistic psychopathy†; this later became known as Asperger’s Syndrome (Lyons and Fitzgerald, 2007; 2014; Wing, 1981). The patients of both Asperger and Kanner were primarily male, with Asperger initially believing the syndrome may be entirely confined to males (Haney, 2105; Werling and GerschwindRead MoreFamily Background : Raymond Vasquez2079 Words   |  9 Pagestry to cuddle with him, he would stiffen like a board to av oid being touched. For quite some time Raymond’s mother thought she was the reason why he didn’t like to be close to anyone, little did she know at the time that her son struggled with Asperger Syndrome. Raymond began speaking in full correct sentences at the age of two, he also began to read and write at three. The first book he read was the first installment of the Harry Potter series, although he didn’t really understand it fully thenRead MoreHistory of Autism, ASD, and AD1632 Words   |  7 Pagesschizophrenia (Sanders, 2009). In 1944, Austrian pediatrician and medical professor, Hans Asperger described a very similar disorder in his research, Autistic Psychopathy in Childhood. He described the same deficits of social interaction and stereotyped behavior. But because it was not translated into English, it was not widely published or introduced to the larger medical community until 1981. But unlike Kanner’s autism, Asperger described extraordinary abilities in mathematics and relative strengths in someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : Causes, Characteristics, Implications, And Management Since It Has No Cure Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as autism spectrum disorder. This is so because the diagnoses has five spectrum namely; Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and autistic disorder (http://www.verywell.com). In this research study, I am hoping to be able to take a closer look at autism spectrum disorder to f ind out the causes, characteristics, implications and management since it has no cure. Much has been written about autism, though most of theRead MoreCt 276 Understand How to Support Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Conditions4912 Words   |  20 Pagesoften problematic. (National Institute of Mental Institute) There is also another disorder called Fragile X syndrome, not nearly as well-known as ADHD and ASD. Although, it appears to be coming more to the forefront, as more information is becoming developed about ADHD and Autism. There appears to be a vast amount of similarities with the three disorders. Fragile X is a genetic syndrome which results in a spectrum of characteristic physical and intellect limitations and emotional and behaviouralRead MoreWorkshop for Family and Child Development Practitioners880 Words   |  4 PagesList 6 Workshop Session Topics Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders and the Implications of Play Rationale: A child experiencing autism always gets challenged in the social life of play with his/her friends. For a developing child, it is important to equally socialize the same way as other students. The inclusion of this topic in the workshop session will give the practitioners a basic knowledge and understanding of techniques and strategies to support a child in participation during freeRead MoreCyber-Bullying: A Brief Research Proposal Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesplaced on who the perpetrators of this form of violence are and how this form of violence is linked to traditional bullying. This will allow researchers and practitioners to move forward with research and implementation preventative methods and intervention once the problem has already occurred. Current Literature Study methodology shows that higher rates of cyber bullying involvement (either perpetrator, victim or both bully and victim) are reported in situations of which participants are asked

On Modernism and Carl Sandburg’s Poetry Essay Sample free essay sample

The period of modernist literature started in the 19th century as a consequence of assorted events. The oncoming of the two World Wars every bit good as the rise of many philosophical and psychological thoughts and instructions all filtered into the manner literature is viewed. The influences of Friedrich Nietzsche’s â€Å"God is dead† creed. Sigmund Freud’s position of the unconscious as a beginning of significance. and Karl Marx’s impression that the consciousness is predetermined by socio-historical factors all contributed to the new manner of authorship and looking at literature ( Leitch. 14-20 ) . Some of the features of modernist literature are atomization and discontinuity. complex linguistic communication with much allusiveness and sarcasm. experimentation of signifier. and anti-realism and concentrate on the person. This paper aims to read some of Carl Sandburg’s poems—â€Å"Chicago. † â€Å"The Harbor. † â€Å"Fog. â €  â€Å"Cool Tombs. † and â€Å"Grass†Ã¢â‚¬â€in the visible radiation of modernism. It besides intends to construe and elaborate on the above properties of modern literature in Sandburg’s poesy. We will write a custom essay sample on On Modernism and Carl Sandburg’s Poetry Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After much slaughter and desolation brought by the two World Wars. the people are left feeling misplaced and disoriented in the society. which they thought before to be a secure and stable 1. This supplanting felt by the people is mirrored in the plants of literature produced during this clip. Modernist literature is â€Å"marked by a interruption with the sequential. developmental. cause-and-effect presentation of the ‘reality’ of realist fiction toward a presentation of experience as layered. allusive. discontinuous† ( Lye. n. p. ) . The sudden displacement of the people reality—from stableness to uncertainty—after the wars is represented by a literature full of discontinuity. displacements. and sheathings. In Sandburg’s poesy. this discontinuity can be seen through his apposition of two contrasting images. In â€Å"The Harbor. † he juxtaposed the image of â€Å"women [ with ] hunger-deep eyes / Haunted with shadows of hunger-hands† in â€Å"huddled and ugly walls† with that of â€Å"Masses of great grey wings / And winging white abdomens / Veering and wheeling free in the open† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The former image is that of imprisonment—imprisonment both physically. within the restraints of the â€Å"huddled and ugly walls. † and metaphysically. within the appreciation of hungriness and agony. The latter image. on the other manus. symbolizes freedom like those of a â€Å"fluttering storm of chumps. † The conditions of both groups are even more highlighted as they are placed side by side with each other. Tightening of signifier is besides a characteristic of modernism. â€Å"An accent on coherence. interrelation and deepness in the construction of the aesthetic object and of experience. † tightening of signifier is shown through motive. important analogues ; different voices ; every bit good as displacements and sheathings in clip. topographic point. and position ( Lye. n. p. ) . An illustration of important correspondence in Sandburg’s poesy can be found in the verse form â€Å"Fog. † where the fog is compared to a cat that â€Å"comes / on small cat pess / It sits looking / over the seaport and city† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . Both can travel softly. go throughing through everything in silence. before traveling to another topographic point. Tightening of signifier can besides be illustrated in the motive that the poet or the writer uses in his work. Motif is a repeating object. construct. or construction in a work of literature ( Oxford ) . Motifs are of import because it emphasizes the point and subjects that the writer wants to portray in his work ; this enables the reader to do an accurate reading of the author’s work. The image of cool grave is a motive that is present in Sandburg’s â€Å"Cool Tombs. † Here. he once more uses apposition with the images of Abraham Lincoln. Ulysses Grant. Pocahontas. â€Å"people purchasing apparels and food markets. heartening a hero or throwing confetti and blowing Sn horns. † â€Å"lovers. † and â€Å"losers† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . These people. in malice of their differences in stature and background. all portion the same thing—all of them will return to dust â€Å"in the cool tombs† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The poet wanted to st ress the equality that comes with decease. Peoples. regardless of who they are and what they do. will all have the same terminal: decease. Death is merely one of the most common subjects that are present in modern literature. Partially due to the aftereffects of wars. decease became a major subject of many modern pieces of literature. Death is besides accompanied by other subjects such as â€Å"the hunt for land of significance in a universe without God [ and ] the loss of significance and hope in the modern universe and an geographic expedition of how this loss may be faced† ( Lye. n. p. ) . This loss of hope can be seen in the verse form â€Å"Chicago. † The poem’s character became face to face with decease and hungriness in the â€Å"City of the Big Shoulders: † as depicted in the lines â€Å"I have seen the gunslinger putting to death and travel free to kill again† and â€Å"On the faces of adult females and kids I have seen the Markss of wanton hungriness. † However. toward the terminal of the verse form. a declaration can be seen as depicted in the lines â€Å"Bareheaded. / Shoveling. / Wrecking. / Planning. / Building. breakage. reconstructing. † ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The loss of hope nowadays in the beginning of the verse form is met with a promise of something better. While decease and the loss of hope are confronted in the verse form â€Å"Chicago. † they were tried to be concealed in the verse form â€Å"Grass. † The grass in this verse form served to conceal the organic structures murdered in the conflicts in Gettysburg and Waterloo. in Austerlitz. Ypres. and Verdun. While the first verse form tried to happen a declaration for the job. the 2nd 1 showed a more inactive action—covering up decease as if by making so it can be forgotten. as if it did non go on. The â€Å"grass† wanted to make its work of concealing decease. these hemorrhoids of organic structures. until â€Å"Two old ages. ten old ages. and riders [ would ] inquire the music director: / What topographic point is this? / Where are we now? ’ ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . Modern literature. specifically modern poesy. is complex. covering with assorted issues of the person within a surroundings of a tattered society ; something that Carl Sandburg was able to represent in his plants. Plants Cited: Leitch. Vincent. et. Al. explosive detection systems.The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.New York: W. W. Norton A ; Company. 2001. Lye. John. â€Å"Some Attributes of Modernist Literature. † 29 September 1997. Brock University. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brocku. ca/english/courses/2F55/modernism. hypertext markup language gt ; . Sandburg. Carl.Chicago Poems. August 1999. Bartleby. com. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bartleby. com/165/ gt ; . Sandburg. Carl.Cornhuskers. July 1999. Bartleby. com. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bartleby. com/134/ gt ; . A Handbook to Literature.The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Footings

Aging and Marriage essays

Aging and Marriage essays A big aspect in keeping a marriage successful is how much communication occurs between the two people involved. For a healthy relationship there is a need for quite a bit of communication. Communication, as stated in class, is one of the key elements to a successful marriage. There has to be some open discussions and trust in the relationship to make it anywhere. If you can not talk to your partner you will not be able to solve problems in a healthy manner. You have to be able to tell your partner things to help you learn and mature with them. You have to learn how to compromise and help each other out. Communication has to be part of your relationship in some way. You cannot go through your life not talking to your partner about important issues that you should be able to talk to them about. Another important issue discussed in class was homosexuals and marriage. Homosexual marriage is an important issue because it deals with a relatively large minority of the United States. This issue is important today with respect to many different ideas. There are so many ideas of morals, family values, and those of equality, constitutionality, and right to privacy. The aspect with the most relevance is constantly left up to debate. Homosexuals are 'gay' due to a combination of factors. These factors are environment and society-the outside influences- and genetics. Hence, homosexuals do not decide their own sexuality, nor do heterosexuals. Therefore, homosexuals should have the same rights as heterosexuals, one of these rights being marriage. This is why it is of great importance to public policy whether or not homosexuality is predetermined. I am not homosexual and I am not writing this to defend homosexuals. I just believe that the whole issue is unfair towards homosexuals. Marriage goes beyond the benefits, however. The institution of marriage is a very respected one, and holds much senti ...

How Music Impact Society Essays

How Music Impact Society Essays How Music Impact Society Paper How Music Impact Society Paper Music is perhaps one of the most powerful forces we encounter. Music can provide an emotional outlet, a place to voice opinions, a hobby, past time, entertainment, fun, a place to turn to, a controversial outlet, spiritual bonding, fame, fortune, hope, guidance, healing powers, and gives us the words we cannot say on our own. Music has Just so many capabilities that have been used for millions of years. Everything from the way messages were conveyed among slaves, to the tribal preaching the Native Americans used to Patrice revolved around music. Music is the most nfluential industry in the world, and it has the power to send messages to millions and allow an outlet for protest, generate billions of dollars, capture the attention of people all over the globe, and it even holds the power to have positive effects on our mental health. Jaime Ferris, writer for the Housatonic Times quoted The truest expression of a people is in its dance and music. For centuries the music industry has pushed the limits on the right to freedom of speech. Back to the days when America had slavery, the slaves would make hymns while working in the fields. Often times these hymns had underlying connotative rebellion. In the time of slavery it was unheard of to even neither question your owner let alone question your captivity nor try to escape. If a slave were to question the authority they would suffer sever beatings. Because of the consequences the slaves found other means of communication, through song. If we look at a well known piece entitled Follow The Drinking Gord we can quickly pick up on Just how song was used to pass messages, that would other wise be punishable. According to osblackhistory. om in the first verse the slaves are instructed to leave in the winter when the sun is at its highest altitude When the sun comes back. The drinking gourd refers to the Big Dipper in its spoon like shape, and the great big river refers to the Ohio River. In Just one verse the message of when to leave where to go and what to follow is laid out. l Because this message was conveyed through song, the slaves were able to sing it freely to sp read the word. Today more than ever the use of song to convey messages that might other wise be banned is in effect. The vast number of artist who sings about marijuana is astounding. As listed on kindgergreenbuds. com a person possessing this illegal substance can either be subject to a class a misdemeanor or s a class C felony. In Michigan if a person is caught even though simple drug test as having used the substance its still considered possession and punishable by a 100 dollar fine and 90 days in Jail. If this substance is so easily punishable then why is it okay to have numerous songs praising the act? As far back as 1932 when Baron Lee and the Blue Rhythm Band had a song titled The Reefer Man and while the substance behind this song may not have been illegal then, it is today and still hundreds of songs are written about it. For example a song entitled Kush by multi latinum artist Lil Wayne the lyrics And I smoke that Kush Yeah, that Kush Yeah, and I ball like swoosh. This song is such a prime example of evidence that one was using the substance, but because its written in song its considered freedom of speech, and unsuitable for the general audience of our society. Much the way the slaves used music as an outlet to rebel against something they could be punished for, artists today are contlnulng to 00 tne same. Anotner example 0T Treeaom 0T speecn Delng carried out through music is from the 60s anti- war era. Legend Bob Dylan was notorious for his anti-war protest songs. In the song Man on the Street, Dylan explains the human suffering that is caused by human cruelty. Dylans message was perhaps the government of the United States is and was so tied up with other improvements, conflicts, and business actions in other countries, that they forget that they must run this country. Dylans point is very accurate and holds strong today. For example, the US government reacted nearly 13 times quicker to earthquake in Haiti, than they did to hurricane Katrina. Dylan made it clear that the political problems in the United States although heavily produced by the government were not out of the each of the general public. He preached via song that the problems are actually right by our side and we could help to solve the problems. Perhaps a more modern example of the same genera would be the popular top 40 song entitled Waiting on the World to Change by Grammy winner John Mayer. This song hit airwaves in 2006, and became very popular, very fast. In combination with the songs catchy rhythm, was its controversial, yet inspiring lyrics. Mayer is conveying the message of the problems the country is and was facing and how were all simply waiting on things to change yet no one is doing their part to make it happen. Mayer did an interview with the Daily Mail December 21, 2007, where he stated that his main intention was to cause a debate. Thats exactly what this song has done. For example the lyrics say Now if we had the power to bring our neighbors home from war/ they would have never missed a Christmas/ no more ribbons on their door/ and when you trust your television / what you get is what you got/ cause when they own the information, Oh they can bend it all they want This statement is a direct target against the government, and the war this country has been in. Hes taking the side of everyone hat was against the war and saying if they had the power they could bring them back, but instead they sit back and watch as information about whats really going on unfolds. And then he goes to say that when youre merely trusting your televisions newscasts you can hardly even trust whats being said because its their information and they can twist, crop, and edit a story to be anything they want it to be. This stab at the government and media system is his view. Through this song he has managed to get his view to millions of people, and whether they agree or disagree they still have thought about his debate-sparking message. Mayer has achieved success in reaching millions, and getting his message across using freedom of speech through music. The bottom line is that a political message in a song is not any different than free speech guaranteed under the US Constitution. Its in fact a more conventional way to get point across. As long as there is a cause or an event that provokes emotions, there will be songs and speeches on both ends of any issue. Music has not only caused commotion by being an outlet for freedom of speech, but essentially the entire music industry is the single most successful, and talked about industry world wide. Any time theres an award show, or special Just for TV concert, no matter whom the star, or what the genre of music is, the stations that broadcast the event reach record high numbers of viewers. The average late night show such as the Tonight Show with Conan OBrian for example get an average of 5. 4 million viewers a night, but on the night of the 2009 teen choice awards, there was an estimated 44. 5 billion vlewers. Pernaps tne splKe In vlewers Is wnat alas In tne astounalng amount 0T press the music industry gathers. During the 2009 Teen Choice awards, Miley Cyrus performed her infamous hit Party In The I-ISA. This performance made controversy all across the globe, it was speculated that her dance moves, were distasteful and actually pole dancing moves. The video of this performance gathered more than 1,701 , 135 views in the first three nights that it was available. This infamous event, also generated hundreds of stories, online forums and made its self a trending topic on the social networking site twitter for nearly a month. The music industry not only generates mass media attention, its one of the most successful industries monetarily as well. The US and its citizens have been struggling with money since the Iraq war, nd officially declared recession in 2007. Despite the recession, in 2008 the United States spent over 40. 3 billion dollars in CD sales alone. In 2010 the US spent nearly 1 1 billion dollars on live concert tickets. Americans that are in poverty are still finding a way to attend a concert put on by their favorite artist, buy their music to support them, and wear their merchandise. The music industry is becoming so popular that its starting to not only aid in but nearly take over the film world as well. In 2008, Disney star, Hannah Montana came out with the first 3D concert movie. This was considered revolutionary and drew great attention. This film drew an array of viewers and it made an estimated gross total of 65,281,781 dollars. This 3D movie was played in all major movie theaters, and displayed live concert footage making the viewer feel as if they were there, and even gave them a behind the scenes look. Since the release of this such as The Jonas Brothers, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, and Kenny Chesney have all made their own 3D hits. Music has immense power, but its not limited to protest, controversy, media, and money it holds so much more potential. In fact, music has not only invaded the film world, its also finding its way into our medical field. While the idea has been around for thousands of years, recently the topic of music therapy is becoming more and more common when patient treatment is discussed. Used to help treat cancer, mentally ill, and cardio patients, music has been proven to be one of medicines finest tools. For thousands of years music as been used as a therapeutic technique. Greek philosophers who believed that music could heal the soul started the concept of Musical therapy. After world war two the concept of music therapy was used to treat the veterans who have undergone sever post war trauma. This practice was carried out in a more conventional way however. The administrators in the hospitals would play soothing sounds when patients would feel urges of rage. In 1944, Michigan State University established the first music therapy degree program in the world. Today approximately seventy colleges and universities offer degrees and courses approved by the American Music Therapy Association. Barbara Crowe the past president of the National Association for Music Therapy said (Music therapy) can make the difference between withdrawal and awareness, between isolation and interaction, between chronic pain and comfort between demoralization and dignity. Musical Therapy has been proven to stimulate he brain, release good chemicals in our blood and brains and aid in the bodys physical and mental healing. According to centerformusicaltherapy. com Musical Therapy has been shown to help patients with closed head injuries speed their recovery process by 37%. Musical therapy has been used with patients who undergo cnemotnerapy to onset tne mina ana Its Deen proven tnat It eases anxlety ana nausea. Musical therapy has also been used on heart patients. According to Association for Musical Therapy, studies have shown a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, insomnia, depression, and anxiety for those patients. While musical therapy has been shown successful in treatment of ill, its also been proven that students who play an instrument or take a music class have IQ levels up to 30% higher than the students who have no musical background. With the power to send messages to millions and allow an outlet for protest, generate billions of dollars, capture the attention of people all over the globe, and provide medical healing, its no question that music is one of the most unstoppable forces in the world. Musics played a strong role in spreading messages for centuries, starting with the slaves and ontinuing today. Music has also broken barriers, by nearly revolutionizing the film industry and creating one of kind movies. Music has made such a bridge that its now an essential medical tool. Starting with the ancient Greeks and following through today musical therapy has been shown to help in various medical cases. Music is simply a strong force that is crucial to the way we all live. Seeing Just how music has evolved and captured not only our country but also the world, in so many different revenues, its only imaginable what advancements music can hold for us in the future.

The relationship between creative written and verbal expression and Dissertation

The relationship between creative written and verbal expression and attitudes toward violence - Dissertation Example This quantitative study proposes to use a post-test only quasi-experimental design to address the research questions (Shaddish, Cook, and Campbell, 2002). Quasi-experimental design seems appropriate since the researcher finds it immpossible to randomly assign research participants, and also to conduct a pretest. As such, only a post-test will be distributed and non-random assignment of the participants is to be undertaken. Quasi-experimental designs are used to test whether educational practice makes a difference for individuals (Creswell, 2003). The treatment is defined in this proposed research project as a creative writing workshop, in which students are taught the elements of written and verbal expression. The treatment is considered to be complete once students construct a written creative expression and verbally share the written creative expression with the members of the treatment group. Neuman (2003) describes the concept of treatment as stimulus or manipulation, and in this case, the stimulus is the participation in the creative writing workshop. Post-treatment measures or the dependent variable that is considered in the research is the attitudes toward violence, and this will be collected and compared in order or determine whether there were significant differences in the attitudes changes of control and sample groups. . Research Design Research Instrumentat The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) will be used as post-test for treatment and control groups. The test authors developed the SAVRY to provide a standard rubric that could be used by a variety of systems that need to assess and manage youth violence. The instrument is composed of three domains of risk factors, containing 24 items. The Summary Risk Rating... The purpose of this quantitative study is to explore the relationship, if any exist, between creative written and verbal expression and attitudes toward violence. To accomplish this purpose, the researcher intends to employs the quasi-experimental research design. Chapter three explained the research method and the dependent and independent variables. Context of the study was explained, the African American Males residing in what is considered the of the United States. Instruments involved were also explained which included the defined measurement. The primary data collect in the present study includes the scores from post-tests of the treatment and control groups. Data analysis to occur was explained along with limitations, threats to internal validity, and assumptions of the study. Population and sample size were defined, along with the geological location of the proposed study. In the following chapter the nature of findings and prospective areas of discussions of the study will b e presented. In the writing of this research, certain assumptions are deemed as influencing the researcher in the course of study. These assumptions are: first, juvenile violence is a contemporary phenomenon brought about by factors present only in this period. Second, the study assumes that there is no single entity or individual solely responsible for solving the problem. Third, the problem of juvenile violence will affect not only the youth of today, but also will have an impact on the children of tomorrow.

International Mass Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Mass Communications - Essay Example For instance, 30% of women have been victims of domestic violence while 38% of murders of women are committed by the intimate partner. Moreover, domestic violence has serious implications such depression, effects on mother and baby, as well as long-term health problems. Austerity Pain also show that domestic violence is a serious atrocity since the trauma suffered by the victims is similar to the cruelty experienced by the survivors of war, terrorism, and concentration camps. Additionally, Pain draws a connection between domestic violence and geography and politics by stating that it affects communities, states and various wider groups’ interest. Moreover, this type of violence is an act of exertion of excessive power by the superior partners in a romantic relationship. Additionally, it set within the context of globalization, colonization, gender, and ethnicity, which further creates a political connection. Domestic violence occurs within the family unit, but since the family is a central cog in the nation, it therefore, becomes a political agenda. Majority of partners who commit domestic violence use it to gain and maintain control over their spouses and use force to instil fear in their spouses. The most vulnerable partners to domestic violence are women and children in the family or relationships (Kenney, 2011). Since perpetrators of domestic violence seek to gain power, the victims remain fearful and vulnerable as they suffer in silence. Victims of domestic violence tend not to tell what they are going through. In fact, they are made to believe that it is their fault, and thus, they are unable to voice their horrific experiences. Pain gives an example of Jennifer who thought she was responsible for the violence. This was because her partner made her believe so, and the culture of the society too conditioned her to believe that she is the one at fault. Domestic violence according to the lecture is also linked with the

Prison Food Essay Example for Free

Prison Food Essay According to Faulkner (136-137), the need for correctional institutions to rehabilitate offenders has been highlighted by the increasing cost of operations as well as recidivism statistics indicating that majority of offenders escalate in crimes committed and the lack of social participation or integration released offers are able to attain upon release (Hepburn Griffin, 57-59). This perspective suggests that rehabilitation is linked to offenders’ productive and social potential. At the same time, Holmes (9) believes that the relationships and competencies developed by the offender during incarceration can serve as foundation for social reintegration and long-term rehabilitation. Thus many correctional facilities such as the Northeastern Correctional Center, have undertaken programs that are designed to better equip offenders upon their release by engaging them in the institutions’ kitchen crew (Terris). Their objective is not only educating inmates in the food trade industry for possible employment but also to reinforce social bonds and self-development (Hepburn Griffin, 63-66). Background Terris points out that the programs is neither novel nor unique to the Northeastern Correctional Center. However, unlike general kitchen duties, inmates mentored in the institution’s Fife and Drum restaurant based on methods from the Culinary Institute of America by its head chef Eddie Jacobs. When the program started in 1983, the objective was to educate participants in the preparation of economical meals but since then has evolved into popular and even fine dining cuisine. Furthermore, according to the program’s managers, participation in the program provides participants practical and commercial skills that have stable demand and daily applications. The program has had achieved success both from the perspective of prison administrators and inmates. According to the former, the programs do not only engage significantly the interest of participating inmates but has also been enhancing the responsiveness and participation of non-participating inmates in existing programs. Terris also relates insights from participating inmate Idris Forde: Forde believes that his in working in the Fife according to â€Å"real world† scenarios reinforces the value of work as well as their role in the operation of an enterprise and in turn, their ability to become productive and benefits not only the Northeastern Correctional Center but also all other stakeholders of the institution. Evaluation According to Currie (185-187), studies of repeat offenders, return to criminal behavior is inversely related to the level of social integration and productivity upon reentry to society. Thus, establishment of programs enhancing inmates’ competency, productivity and social participation have the potential of decreasing the risks of recidivism. This opinion is also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Their research indicated that the use of social reinforcement, whether in the form of social exclusion, direct support or mentoring and competencies or skills development, decreases susceptibility to criminal behavior by increasing the personal and social risks of re-incarceration. There is no doubt that there has been greater realization of the role of correctional facilities in rehabilitation, which in contemporary perspectives implies successful reintegration and limiting recidivism. However, it should also be noted that undertaking such a program has also significant challenges. In the case of the Northeastern Correctional Center, their relatively small population and their prison classification, allow for better margins for such programs. In the case of high-risk facilities which may be in lockdown except for a few hours a day, implementing the program is unlikely. Furthermore, the availability of instructors or mentors for the programs is also a consideration. Moreover, prison programs and objectives have to be evaluated if they are consistent with such perspectives. Otherwise, such penal reforms can not be effectively applied or implemented as an operational directive for correctional institutions. Recommendations One of the first tasks to establish the significance of the success of the Fife program is to compare its level of success to similar programs in other correctional or rehabilitation facilities. A range to determine the degree of effectiveness has to also be established to map the competency or effectiveness of the programs. The next task is to identify the common components or strategies of the best programs which can then be utilized to compose requirements for programs that are to be developed. Regardless of the content, there should be sensitivity towards the constraints of implementation based on prison population, modality of offenses and psychiatric evaluation. Ironically, there should also be realization that despite the level of input or statistical relevance of programs outlines or requirements, there is still a need for frequent sensitivity analyses to accommodate the variety of stakeholders and degree public concern afforded such initiatives. In conclusion, despite the level of success that the Northeastern Correctional Center has achieved in its kitchen program, there is still a need to evaluate its long term effectiveness and level application efficiency to determine the critical components for wider application and implementation.